| 1The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: |
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ืืึทืึฐืึทืึผึตึฅืจ ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืึพืืฉืึถึฅื ืึผึตืืึฝึนืจ: |
| 2Speak to Aaron and to his sons, that they shall separate themselves from the holy [sacrifices] of the children of Israel, which they sanctify to Me, so as not to desecrate My Holy Name. I am the Lord. |
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ืืึผึทืึผึตึจืจ ืึถืึพืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึฐืึถืึพืึผึธื ึธึืื ืึฐืึดื ึผึธึฝืึฐืจืึผึ ืึดืงึผึธืึฐืฉืึตึฃื ืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฐืึนึฅื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืึืึผ ืึถืชึพืฉืึตึฃื ืงึธืึฐืฉืึดึื ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึตึงื ืึทืงึฐืึผึดืฉืึดึืื ืึดึื ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| they shall separate themselves.ย The term ื ึฐืึดืืจึธื means only separation [from something]. Likewise, Scripture says, โand draws away (ืึฐืึดื ึผึธืึตืจ) from following Meโ (Ezek. 14:7), and, โthey drew backwards (ื ึธืึนืจืึผ)โ (Isa. 1:4). [Thus, here, the meaning is that] when kohanim are in a state of uncleanness, they shall separate themselves (ืึฐืึดื ึผึธืึฐืจืึผ) from the holy things. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:62] Another explanation: [The commentators are at a loss to explain this expression, because the following comment easily agrees with the preceding one. See below.] โshall separate themselves from the holy [sacrifices] of the children of Israel which they sanctify to Me, so as not to desecrate My Holy Name.โ [Now, the verse, in the order it is written, reads: โAaron and his sonsโฆshall separate themselves from the holy (sacrifices) of the children of Israel, so as not to desecrate My Holy Name-which they sanctify to Me.โ] Transpose the verse and explain it [as follows]: shall separate themselves from the holy [sacrifices] of the children of Israel which they sanctify to Me, so as not to desecrate My Holy Name." [Another explanation] (see Sifthei Chachamim): |
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ืึฐืึดื ึผึธึฝืึฐืจืึผ.ย
ืึตืื ื ึฐืึดืืจึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืคึฐืจึดืืฉืึธื, ืึฐืึตื ืืึผื ืืึนืึตืจ "ืึทืึผึดื ึผึธืึตืจ ืึตืึทืึฒืจึทื" (ืืืืงืื ื"ื), "ื ึธืึนืจืึผ ืึธืืึนืจ" (ืืฉืขืืื ื') โ ืึดืคึฐืจึฐืฉืืึผ ืึดื ืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืื ืึผึดืืึตื ืึปืึฐืึธืชึธื (ืกืคืจื): ืึฐืึดื ึผึธึฝืึฐืจืึผ ืึดืงึผึธืึฐืฉืึตื ืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตื ืึทืงึฐืึผึดืฉืึดืื ืึดื ืึฐืึนื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืึถืชึพืฉืึตื ืงึธืึฐืฉืึดื, ืกึธืจึตืก ืึทืึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึฐืึธืจึฐืฉืึตืืึผ:
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| which they sanctify to Me.ย [This comes] to include offerings that the kohanim themselves sanctified [to the Holy Temple, offerings from which kohanim in the state of uncleanness shall also separate themselves]. [According to this explanation, no transposition is necessary, and the verse is to be explained as follows: When the kohanim are unclean, they must separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, i.e., those consecrated by the children of Israel, and also from those consecrated by the kohanim themselves. Accordingly, the words, โanother explanation,โ appear at this point, not as they appear in the Mikraoth Gedoloth. According to Mizrachi and others, and according to all manuscripts and incunabula editions, these words do not appear at all. - [Torath Kohanim 22:64] |
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ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตื ืึทืงึฐืึผึดืฉืึดืื ืึดื.ย
ืึฐืจึทืึผืึนืช ืงึธืึฐืฉืึตื ืึนืึฒื ึดืื ืขึทืฆึฐืึธื:
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| 3Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man among any of your offspring who, while his defilement is still upon him, comes near to the holy sacrifices that the children of Israel consecrate to the Lord that soul shall be cut off from before me. I am the Lord. |
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ืืึฑืึฃึนืจ ืึฒืึตืึถึื ืึฐืึนืจึนึจืชึตืืึถึื ืึผึธืึพืึดึฃืืฉืย | ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึดืงึฐืจึทึฃื ืึดืึผึธืึพืึทืจึฐืขึฒืึถึื ืึถืึพืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืืึ ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึทืงึฐืึผึดึคืืฉืืึผ ืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืึ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืึปืึฐืึธืชึืึน ืขึธืึธึืื ืึฐื ึดืึฐืจึฐืชึธึื ืึทื ึผึถึงืคึถืฉื ืึทืึดึืื ืึดืึผึฐืคึธื ึทึื ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| Any manโฆwhoโฆcomes near [to the holy sacrifices].ย The phrase โcomes nearโ really means โeating.โ And so we find that a warning against eating holy sacrifices while in a state of uncleanness, is expressed as โtouching,โ [as is written], โshe shall not touch anything holyโ (Lev. 12:4) [which is] a warning against eating [anything holy, while in a state of uncleanness]. And our Rabbis have learnt [that these terms mean โeatingโ in this context] by way of a hekesh [a rule of Scriptural exposition, whereby, via Rabbinical transmission, laws from two passages are linked through their appearance in the same verse (Mizrachi).] Now, it is impossible to say that one is liable [to the penalty of excision] if he [merely] touches [holy sacrifices while he is in the state of uncleanness], for we find the penalty of excision for eating [holy sacrifices while one is unclean] stated in the passage โCommand Aaronโ (Lev. 7:20-21) [and moreover, there, we find] the penalty of excision for eating mentioned twice, one next to the other (see Lev. 7:20-21), and, if one would be liable just for touching, it would be unnecessary for Scripture to mention liability for eating. In a similar vein, [this explanation that our verse here refers to eating and not touching,] is expounded in Torath Kohanim (22:69), [as follows]: โโฆBut is there [a case of] one who touches [holy sacrifices], that he should be liable [to the penalty of excision?!] If so, why does Scripture say, โcomes nearโ? [Because it teaches us that for eating holy sacrifices, one incurs the penalty of excision] only when they become fit to be โbrought nearโ as an offering-for one becomes liable only if one [eats holy sacrifices] while one is unclean, after the parts that makes the sacrifice permissible to be eaten has been offered up [i.e., only when the sacrificial fats have been offered up and the blood has been dashed, or the offering of the fistful of flour in a meal-offering, or the sanctification in a vessel of parts of other offerings (see Hagahoth Uvei-urei HaGra on Torath Kohanim ; Mizrachi), is the holy sacrifice allowed to be eaten by the kohanim, and not before]. Now, one may ask: [Since our verse, as well as the two verses in Lev. 7:20-21, are all referring to eating holy sacrifices when one is unclean,] why is it necessary for Scripture to mention three times the penalty of excision for kohanim [eating holy sacrifices] when they are in an unclean state? These have already been expounded upon in Tractate Shevuoth (7a): โOne of them is [needed] to state the general law; one of them is [needed] to state a particular case [namely, the peace-offering, in order to preclude the eating of certain clean foods that are not sacrificed on the altar which do not have the punishment of excision; and one of them is needed to teach us thatโฆwhen the verse says, โhe incurs guiltโ (Lev. 5:2), and may bring a ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืขืึนืึถื ืึฐืืึนืจึตื, a sliding-scale sacrifice, Scripture is referring toโฆa personโฆwho, while in an unclean state, enters the Sanctuary or eats of its holy sacrifices]. |
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ืึผึธืึพืึดืืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึดืงึฐืจึทื.ย
ืึตืื ืงึฐืจึดืืึธื ืืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืึฒืึดืืึธื, ืึฐืึตื ืึธืฆึดืื ืึผ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึถืึฐืจึธื ืึทืึฐืึธืจึทืช ืึฒืึดืืึทืช ืงึธืึธืฉืึดืื ืึผึฐืึปืึฐืึธื ืึผึดืึฐืฉืืึนื ื ึฐืึดืืขึธื, "ืึผึฐืึธื ืงึนืึถืฉื ืึนื ืชึดืึผึธืข" (ืืืงืจื ื"ื), ืึทืึฐืึธืจึธื ืึธืืึนืึตื, ืึผืึฐืึธืืึผืึธ ืจึทืึผืึนืชึตืื ืึผ ืึดืึผึฐืึตืจึธื ืฉืึธืึธื; ืึฐืึดืึถ"ื ืฉืึถืึทืึผึธื ืขึทื ืึทื ึผึฐืึดืืขึธื, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึผึธืจึตืช ืขึทื ืึธืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึผึฐืฆึทื ืึถืช ืึทืึฒืจึนื (ืืืงืจื ื'), ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืึผึธืจึตืชืึนืช ืืึน ืึตืฆึถื ืืึน, ืึฐืึดื ืขึทื ืึทื ึผึฐืึดืืขึธื ืึทืึผึธื, ืึนื ืึปืฆึฐืจึทืึฐ ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึน ืขึทื ืึธืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึฐืึตื ื ึดืึฐืจึทืฉื ืึผึฐืชึผืึนืจึทืช ืึผึนืึฒื ึดืื: ืึฐืึดื ืึตืฉื ื ืึนืึตืขึท ืึทืึผึธื? ืึดื ืึผึตื ืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืึดืงึฐืจึทื? ืึดืฉืึผึถืึผึดืึฐืฉืึทืจ ืึดืงึผึธืจึตื, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึทืึผึธืึดืื ืขึธืึธืื ืึดืฉืึผืึผื ืึปืึฐืึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืึดื ืึผึตื ืงึธืจึฐืืึผ ืึทืชึผึดืืจึธืื (ืกืคืจื; ืืืืื ื"ื): ืึฐืึดื ืชึนึผืืึทืจ ืฉืึธืืึนืฉื ืึผึธืจึตืชืึนืช ืึผึฐืึปืึฐืึทืช ืึผึนืึฒื ึดืื ืึธืึผึธื, ืึผึฐืึธืจ ื ึดืึฐืจึฐืฉืืึผ ืึผึฐืึทืกึผึถืึถืช ืฉืึฐืืึผืขืึนืช (ืืฃ ื'), ืึทืึทืช ืึดืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึทืึทืช ืึดืคึฐืจึธื ืึฐืืึผ':
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| while his defilement is still upon him.ย [meaning:] While the person is in a state of uncleanness. But I might think that Scripture is referring to the flesh, while the flesh is unclean,โ and the verse is speaking of someone in a clean state who eats unclean flesh [of holy sacrifices]. However, one is forced to learn the meaning of the verse from the literal meaning [of this phrase โwhile its/his uncleanness is still upon it/him"]-i.e., the verse is speaking of something from which uncleanness can be removed, and this is a person, because a person can cleanse himself in a mikvah [while meat cannot be purified once it is defiled. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:69; Zev. 43b] |
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ืึฐืึปืึฐืึธืชืึน ืขึธืึธืื.ย
ืึฐืึปืึฐืึทืช ืึธืึธืึธื ืขึธืึธืื, ืึธืืึนื ืึผึทืึผึธืฉืึธืจ ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ โ ืึฐืึปืึฐืึธืชืึน ืฉืึถื ืึผึธืฉืึธืจ ืขึธืึธืื โ ืึผืึฐืึธืืึนืจ ืฉืึถืึธืึทื ืึถืช ืึทืึผึธืึตื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ, ืขึทื ืึผึธืจึฐืึฒืึธ ืึดืึผึทืฉืึฐืึธืขืึน ืึทืชึผึธื ืึธืึตื โ ืึผึฐืึดื ืฉืึถืึผึปืึฐืึธืชืึน ืคึผืึนืจึทืึทืช ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ, ืึฐืึถืืึผ ืึธืึธืึธื ืฉืึถืึผึตืฉื ืืึน ืึธืึณืจึธื ืึผึดืึฐืึดืืึธื (ืกืคืจื):
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| shall be cut off.ย One might suggest that [the offender is to be โcut offโ] from one place to another, i.e., he shall be cut off from his place [of abode] and exiled (Beโer Basadeh) to settle in another place. Scripture, therefore, continues, โI am the Lordโ- [as if to say:] โI am in every placeโ [and even if someone is sent into exile, I am also in that other place. Hence, the โcutting offโ here refers to excision of the soul, that he will die before his time (Beโer Basadeh)]. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:69] |
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ืึฐื ึดืึฐืจึฐืชึธื.ย
ืึธืืึนื ืึดืฆึผึทื ืึถื ืึฐืฆึทื ืึถื โ ืึดืึผึธืจึตืช ืึดืึผึฐืงืึนืืึน ืึฐืึดืชึฐืึทืฉืึผึตื ืึผึฐืึธืงืึนื ืึทืึตืจ โ ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืื ื ื', ืึผึฐืึธื ืึธืงืึนื ืึฒื ึดื (ืฉื):
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| 4Any man whatsoever among Aaron's offspring if he has tzara'ath or has had a discharge, he shall not eat of the holy sacrifices, until he cleanses himself. And one who touches anyone who has become unclean [by contact with a dead] person, or a man from whom semen issued, |
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ืืึดึฃืืฉื ืึดึืืฉื ืึดืึผึถึฃืจึทืข ืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึฐืึคืึผื ืฆึธืจึจืึผืขึทึ ืึฃืึน ืึธึื ืึผึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืืึ ืึนึฃื ืึนืืึทึื ืขึทึื ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึดืึฐืึธึืจ ืึฐืึทื ึผึนืึตึจืขึทึ ืึผึฐืึธืึพืึฐืึตืึพื ึถึืคึถืฉื ืึฃืึน ืึดึืืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืชึผึตืฆึตึฅื ืึดืึผึถึื ึผืึผ ืฉืึดืึฐืึทืชึพืึธึฝืจึทืข: |
| among Aaronโs offspring.ย I know only that Aaronโs offspring [are meant]. How do I know that he himself [and every Kohen Gadol (Ramban on verse 17, Rash MiShantz on Torath Kohanim) is also included]? Therefore, Scripture states [the apparently superfluous word โheโ in the clause], โif he has tzaraโath โ; for one might think that since he is allowed to offer up holy sacrifices when he is an onen (Rashi Lev. 21:12 above), he would also be allowed to offer them up if he has tzaraโath or if he had a discharge. Scripture, therefore, says, โif heโฆโ [to include Aaron and all other Kohanim Gedolim]. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:70] |
ย |
ืึดืึผึถืจึทืข ืึทึฝืึฒืจึนื.ย
ืืื ืื ืืื ืืจืขื, ืืืคื ืื ืื, ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฆืจืืข, ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืืื ื ืืงืจืื ืฆืจืืข ืืื, ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื:
|
| until he cleanses himself.ย [This means] sunset [after his immersion]. Or, perhaps, it means only immersion [in a mikvah, and that suffices]? It says here, ืึฐืึธืึตืจ, and it says below (verse 7), ืึฐืึธืึตืจ, โWhen the sun has set, he becomes clean (ืึฐืึธืึตืจ).โ Just as there (in verse 7), [it means] sunset, here too, [it means] sunset [that he may not eat holy things until the sun sets after his immersion]. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:72] |
ย |
ืขึทื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืึฐืึธืจ.ย
ืืืืช ืืฉืืฉ, ืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืื, ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืจ (ืคืกืืง ื) ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืฉืืฉ, ืืฃ ืืื ืืืืช ืฉืืฉ:
|
| anyone who has become unclean [by contact with a dead] person.ย Heb. ืึฐืึตื ื ึถืคึถืฉื, one who has become unclean by [contact with] a dead person. |
ย |
ืึผึฐืึธืึพืึฐืึตืึพื ึถืคึถืฉื.ย
ืึผึฐืึดื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึตืช:
|
| 5or a man who touches any creeping creature through which he becomes unclean or a person through whom he becomes unclean, whatever his uncleanness |
ย |
ืืืึนึพืึดืืฉืึ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึดืึผึทึืข ืึผึฐืึธืึพืฉืึถึืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึดืึฐืึธืึพืึืึน ืึคืึน ืึฐืึธืึธืึ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึดืึฐืึธืึพืึืึน ืึฐืึึนื ืึปืึฐืึธืชึฝืึน: |
| [A man who touches] any creeping creature through which he becomes unclean.ย [The seemingly superfluous phrase โthrough which he becomes uncleanโ means,] the [minimum] size [of a part of a creeping creature] through which [contact] one is rendered unclean (Torath Kohanim 22:76) -namely, through the volume of a lentil. โ [Chag. 11a] |
ย |
ืึผึฐืึธืึพืฉืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืึฐืึธืึพืืึน.ย
ืึผึฐืฉืึดืขืึผืจ ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื โ ืึผึฐืึธืขึฒืึธืฉืึธื (ืืืืื ื"ื):
|
| or a person.ย a corpse. - [Torath Kohanim 22:76] [That is to say, cleansing after contact with a dead body takes place only after immersion and sunset on the seventh day. โ [Sifthei Chachamim] |
ย |
ืืึนึพืึฐืึธืึธื.ย
ืึผึฐืึตืช:
|
| through whom he becomes unclean.ย The size through which [contact] one is rendered unclean-namely, the volume of an olive. [Oholoth 2:1] |
ย |
ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืึฐืึธืึพืืึน.ย
ืึผึฐืฉืึดืขืึผืจืึน ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืึฐืึถืืึผ ืึผึทืึผึทืึดืช (ืืืืืช ืค"ื):
|
| whatever his uncleanness.ย [This comes] to include one who comes into contact with a man or woman who has had a discharge, or with a menstruating woman or with a woman who has given birth, [or with one who has tzaraโath]. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:76] |
ย |
ืึฐืึนื ืึปืึฐืึธืชึฝืึน.ย
ืึฐืจึทืึผืึนืช ื ืึนืึตืขึท ืึผึฐืึธื ืึฐืึธืึธื ื ึดืึผึธื ืึฐืืึนืึถืึถืช:
|
| 6the person who touches it shall remain unclean until evening, and he shall not eat from the holy things unless he has immersed his flesh in water. |
ย |
ืื ึถึืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืชึผึดืึผึทืขึพืึผึืึน ืึฐืึธึฝืึฐืึธึื ืขึทืึพืึธืขึธึืจึถื ืึฐืึนึคื ืึนืืึทืึ ืึดืึพืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดึืื ืึผึดึื ืึดืึพืจึธืึทึฅืฅ ืึผึฐืฉืึธืจึืึน ืึผึทืึผึธึฝืึดื: |
| The person who touches it.ย i.e., who touches any one of these unclean beings. |
ย |
ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืึผึทืขึพืึผืึน.ย
ืึผึฐืึถืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืึตืึดืื ืึทืึธืืึผ:
|
| 7When the sun sets, he becomes clean, and afterwards, he may eat of the holy things, for it is his food. |
ย |
ืืึผืึธึฅื ืึทืฉึผืึถึืึถืฉื ืึฐืึธืึตึืจ ืึฐืึทืึทืจึ ืึนืืึทึฃื ืึดืึพืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดึืื ืึผึดึฅื ืึทืึฐืึืึน ืึฝืึผื: |
| and afterwards, he may eat of the holy things.ย This is expounded on in [Tractate] Yev. (74b) as referring to terumah, that [the purified kohen] may eat it after sunset [of the day of his cleansing]. |
ย |
ืึฐืึทืึทืจ ืึนืืึทื ืึดืึพืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืื.ย
ื ึดืึฐืจึถืฉืึถืช ืึผึดืืึธืืึนืช (ืืฃ ืข"ื), ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธื ืฉืึถืึผึปืชึผึธืจ ืึฐืึธืึฐืึธืึผ ืึผึฐืึทืขึฒืจึตื ืึทืฉืึผึถืึถืฉื:
|
| he may eat of the holy things.ย [meaning, some of the holy things,] but not all holy things [thus, our verse refers specifically to terumah, but not sacrificial flesh, which the kohen who was stricken with tzaraโath or had a discharge may not eat until he brings his sacrifices on the morrow]. โ [see preceding Rashi] |
ย |
ืึดืึพืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืื.ย
ืึฐืึนื ืึธื ืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืื:
|
| 8He shall not eat a carcass or anything that was torn, thereby becoming unclean through it. I am the Lord. |
ย |
ืื ึฐืึตืึธึงื ืึผืึฐืจึตืคึธึื ืึนึฅื ืึนืืึทึื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึธืึพืึธึืึผ ืึฒื ึดึื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| He shall not eat a carcass or anything that was torn, thereby becoming unclean through it.ย [Scripture] warned here regarding the [implications of oneโs] uncleanness, as follows: If one ate a carcass of a clean bird, which [as explained (Rashi above 17:15),] does not defile through contact or by lifting it but defiles only when it is swallowed into the esophagus-this person is prohibited to eat holy things. Now, [a bird that had been torn (ืึฐืจึตืคึธื) and mortally wounded by a wild animal, if slaughtered properly, does not convey uncleanness. So why is it mentioned here?] We must say that ืึผืึฐืจึตืคึธื is [stated only to teach us that the carcass of a bird conveys uncleanness only] of the species that can be prohibited because of ืึฐืจึตืคึธื, thus excluding the carcass of an unclean bird, whose species can never fall under the category of ืึฐืจึตืคึธื [because it is prohibited even if it was perfectly healthy]. โ [Torath Kohanim 17:125-126; see Rashi Lev . 17:15] |
ย |
ื ึฐืึตืึธื ืึผืึฐืจึตืคึธื ืึนื ืึนืืึทื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึธืึพืึธืึผ.ย
ืึฐืขึดื ึฐืึทื ืึทืึผึปืึฐืึธื ืึดืึฐืึดืืจ ืึผึธืื, ืฉืึถืึดื ืึธืึทื ื ึดืึฐืึทืช ืขืึนืฃ ืึธืืึนืจ ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึธืึผ ืึปืึฐืึทืช ืึทืึผึธืข ืึผืึทืฉืึผึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืึปืึฐืึทืช ืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึผึฐืึตืืช ืึทืึผึฐืึดืืขึธื, ืึธืกืึผืจ ืึถืึฑืึนื ืึผึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดืื; ืึฐืฆึธืจึดืืึฐ ืืึนืึทืจ "ืึผืึฐืจึตืคึธื" โ ืึดื ืฉืึถืึผึตืฉื ืึผึฐืึดืื ืึน ืึฐืจึตืคึธื, ืึธืฆึธื ื ึดืึฐืึทืช ืขืึนืฃ ืึธืึตื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึผึฐืึดืื ืึน ืึฐืจึตืคึธื:
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| 9They shall keep My charge and not bear a sin by [eating] it [while unclean] and thereby die through it since they will have desecrated it. I am the Lord Who sanctifies them. |
ย |
ืืึฐืฉืึธึฝืึฐืจึฃืึผ ืึถืชึพืึดืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึดึื ืึฐืึนึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืึคืึผ ืขึธืึธืืึ ืึตึืึฐื ืึผืึตึฅืชืึผ ืึืึน ืึผึดึฃื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืึปึืืึผ ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึฐืงึทืึผึฐืฉืึธึฝื: |
| They shall keep My charge.ย [and refrain] from eating teruma while oneโs body is unclean. โ [Sanh. 83a] |
ย |
ืึฐืฉืึธึฝืึฐืจืึผ ืึถืชึพืึดืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื.ย
ืึดืึผึถืึฑืึนื ืชึผึฐืจืึผืึธื ืึผึฐืึปืึฐืึทืช ืึทืึผืึผืฃ (ืกื ืืืจืื ืค"ื):
|
| and thereby die through it.ย we learn that it is death by the hands of Heaven [which is meted out โthrough it,โ] meaning that the sin of eating while unclean brings about the death penalty by itself without any other prerequisites, such as witnesses or warning. That could be only death by the hands of Heaven. - [Gur Aryeh ; Sanh. 83a; also see Sifthei Chachamim] |
ย |
ืึผืึตืชืึผ ืืึน.ย
ืึดืึผึฐืึธื ืึผ ืฉืึถืึดืื ืึดืืชึธื ืึดืืึตื ืฉืึธืึธืึดื (ืฉื):
|
| 10No non kohen may eat holy things; a kohen's resident and his hireling may not eat holy things. |
ย |
ืืึฐืึธืึพืึธึืจ ืึนืึพืึฃึนืืึทื ืงึึนืึถืฉื ืชึผืึนืฉืึทึฅื ืึผึนืึตึื ืึฐืฉืึธืึดึืืจ ืึนืึพืึฅึนืืึทื ืงึฝึนืึถืฉื: |
| No [non-kohen may] eat holy things.ย The text is referring to terumah, for the entire passage speaks of it (see Rashi verse 7). |
ย |
ืึนืึพืึนืืึทื ืงึนืึถืฉื.ย
ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ, ืฉืึถืึผึธื ืึธืขึดื ึฐืึธื ืึผึดืึผึตืจ ืึผึธืึผ:
|
| a kohenโs resident and his hireling.ย [could be erroneously read as โa kohen who is a resident or a hireling.โ However, the correct meaning here is:] The resident of a kohen or one who is hired by a kohen. [I. e., the word ืชึผืึนืฉืึทื means โthe resident of.โ] Therefore, ืชึผืึนืฉืึทื is vocalized with a patach [under the โshin,โ] because it is in the construct state. [Had it been in the absolute state, simply meaning โresident,โ the โshinโ would have been vocalized with a kamatz.] Now, who is considered a โresidentโ [in this context]? This is a Hebrew slave whose ear has been bored [i.e., one who elected to remain a slave after six years, and resides with his master (see Exod. 21:16)], thereby becoming acquired [by his master] until the Jubilee year (see Rashi Exod. 21:6). And who is considered a hireling [in this context]? This is someone acquired for a [set] number of years [to be a Hebrew slave] and who is to be released after six years (see Exod. 21:2). The text comes to teach you here that he does not become his masterโs physical property [and is, therefore, not permitted] to eat terumah . โ [Torath Kohanim 22:86; Yev.. 70a] |
ย |
ืชึผืึนืฉืึทื ืึผึนืึตื ืึฐืฉืึธืึดืืจ.ย
ืชึผืึนืฉืึธืืึน ืฉืึถื ืึผึนืึตื ืึผืฉืึฐืึดืืจืึน, ืึฐืคึดืืึธืึฐ "ืชึผืึนืฉืึทื" ืึถื ื ึธืงืึผื ืคึผึทืชึผึธื, ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืึผึธืืึผืง; ืึฐืึตืืึถืืึผ ืชึผืึนืฉืึธื? ืึถื ื ึดืจึฐืฆึธืข ืฉืึถืืึผื ืงึธื ืึผื ืืึน ืขึทื ืึทืึผืึนืึตื, ืึฐืึตืืึถืืึผ ืฉึธึนืึดืืจ? ืึถื ืงึธื ืึผื ืงึดื ึฐืึทื ืฉืึธื ึดืื ืฉืึถืึผืึนืฆึตื ืึฐืฉืึตืฉื, ืึผึธื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึดืึผึถืึฐืึธ ืึผึธืื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึผืึผืคืึน ืงึธื ืึผื ืึทืึฒืืึนื ึธืื ืึถืึฑืึนื ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธืชืึน (ืกืคืจื; ืืืืืช ืข'):
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| 11And if a kohen acquires a person, an acquisition through his money, he may eat of it, and those born in his house they may eat of his food. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึนืึตึื ืึผึดึฝืึพืึดืงึฐื ึถึฅื ื ึถึจืคึถืฉืึ ืงึดื ึฐืึทึฃื ืึผึทืกึฐืคึผึืึน ืึืึผื ืึฃึนืืึทื ืึผึืึน ืึดืืึดึฃืื ืึผึตืืชึืึน ืึตึื ืึฝึนืืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึฐืึทืึฐืึฝืึน: |
| And if a kohen acquires a person.ย [This refers to] a Canaanite slave, whose body is acquired [by his master and may therefore eat from his masterโs terumah]. |
ย |
ืึฐืึนืึตื ืึผึดึฝืึพืึดืงึฐื ึถื ื ึถืคึถืฉื.ย
ืขึถืึถื ืึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื ืฉืึถืงึผึธื ืึผื ืึฐืืึผืคืึน:
|
| and those born in his house.ย These are the children of the [non-Jewish] maidservants [who are the property of the master]. We learn also from this verse here that a kohenโs wife may eat terumah, since she too, is considered โan acquisition through his moneyโ [for the Jewish marriage is technically attained through the acquisition of a woman by a man by giving her money or an object worth money, such as a ring] (see Keth. 57b). However, we learn other [cases, namely, about a kohenโs wife who had been acquired through other means, e.g., by contract or cohabitation,] from another verse in Scripture โAnyone who is clean in your household [may eat it]โ (Num. 18:11) [the above being expounded] in [Sifrei 18:29; see Levush Haorah also Gur Aryeh.] |
ย |
ืึดืืึดืื ืึผึตืืชืึน.ย
ืึตืึผืึผ ืึฐื ึตื ืึทืฉืึผึฐืคึธืืึนืช; ืึฐืึตืฉืึถืช ืึผึนืึตื ืืึนืึถืึถืช ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึทืึผึถื, ืฉืึถืึทืฃ ืึดืื ืงึดื ึฐืึทื ืึผึทืกึฐืคึผืึน, ืึฐืขืึนื ืึธืึตื ืึดืึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึทืึตืจ (ืืืืืจ ื"ื), ืึผึธื ืึธืืึนืจ ืึผึฐืึตืืชึฐืึธ ืึฐืืึน' ืึผึฐืกึดืคึฐืจึตื:
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| 12And if a kohen's daughter is married to a non kohen, she may [no longer] eat of the separated holy things. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึทึจืชึพืึผึนืึตึื ืึผึดึฅื ืชึดึฝืึฐืึถึื ืึฐืึดึฃืืฉื ืึธึืจ ืึดึืื ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึทึฅืช ืึทืงึผึณืึธืฉืึดึืื ืึนึฅื ืชึนืืึตึฝื: |
| married to a non-kohen.ย ืึดืืฉื ืึธืจ [lit., โan alien man,โ here, in the context of kehunah , this means] to a Levite or an Israelite. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:92] |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืืฉื ืึธืจ.ย
ืึฐืึตืึดื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื (ืกืคืจื):
|
| 13But if the kohen's daughter becomes widowed or divorced, and she has no offspring she may return to her father's household as in her youth [and] eat of her father's food, but no non kohen may eat of it. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึทืชึพืึผึนืึตืึฉ ืึผึดึจื ืชึดึฝืึฐืึถึื ืึทืึฐืึธื ึธึฃื ืึผืึฐืจืึผืฉืึธึื ืึฐืึถึืจึทืขึ ืึตึฃืื ืึธืึผึ ืึฐืฉืึธืึธึื ืึถืึพืึผึตึคืืช ืึธืึดึจืืึธึ ืึผึดื ึฐืขืึผืจึถึืืึธ ืึดืึผึถึฅืึถื ืึธืึดึืืึธ ืชึผึนืืึตึื ืึฐืึธืึพืึธึืจ ืึนืึพืึฅึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน: |
| [But if the kohenโs daughter] becomes widowed or divorced.ย from her non- kohen husband. |
ย |
ืึทืึฐืึธื ึธื ืึผืึฐืจืึผืฉืึธื.ย
ืึดื ืึธืึดืืฉื ืึทืึผึธืจ:
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| and she has no offspring.ย from him. |
ย |
ืึฐืึถืจึทืข ืึตืื ืึธืึผ.ย
ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ:
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| she may return [to her fatherโs householdโฆ(and) eat of her fatherโs food].ย But, if she does have offspring from her non- kohen husband, she is prohibited to eat terumah as long as the offspring is alive. โ [Yev. 87a-b] |
ย |
ืึฐืฉืึธืึธื.ย
ืึธื ืึดื ืึตืฉื ืึธืึผ ืึถืจึทืข ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ, ืึฒืกืึผืจึธื ืึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธื ืึผึธื ืึฐืึทื ืฉืึถืึทืึผึถืจึทืข ืงึทืึผึธื (ืืืืืช ืข"ื):
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| But no non-kohen may eat of it.ย [This seemingly superfluous phrase] is stated only to exclude an onen [kohen, i.e., one whose relative has died on that day,] who is permitted [to eat] terumah. [see Rashi 21:12 above] [It is as if Scripture is saying here:] โI said that only a non- kohen(ืึธืจ) [is prohibited to eat terumah]-but not an onen .โ [Yev. 68b] |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืึพืึธืจ ืึนืึพืึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน.ย
ืึนื ืึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืึฐืืึนืฆึดืื ืึถืช ืึธืืึนื ึตื โ ืฉืึถืึผึปืชึผึธืจ ืึผึดืชึฐืจืึผืึธื, ืึธืจืึผืช ืึธืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื ืึฐืึธ ืึฐืึนื ืึฒื ึดืื ืึผืช (ืฉื ืฉื ืก"ื):
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| 14And if a man unintentionally eats what is holy, he shall add a fifth of it to it and give the kohen the holy thing. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึดึืืฉื ืึผึดึฝืึพืึนืืึทึฅื ืงึึนืึถืฉื ืึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืึธึื ืึฐืึธืกึทึคืฃ ืึฒืึดึฝืฉืึดืืชืึนึ ืขึธืึธึืื ืึฐื ึธืชึทึฅื ืึทืึผึนืึตึื ืึถืชึพืึทืงึผึฝึนืึถืฉื: |
| And if [a man] eats that which is holy.ย [This refers to] terumah . |
ย |
ืึผึดึฝืึพืึนืืึทื ืงึนืึถืฉื.ย
ืชึผึฐืจืึผืึธื:
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| and give the kohen the holy thing.ย something that is fit to become holy. He shall not pay him money, but non-consecrated fruits, which in turn become [consecrated as] terumah . โ [Pes. 32a] |
ย |
ืึฐื ึธืชึทื ืึทืึผึนืึตื ืึถืชึพืึทืงึผึฝึนืึถืฉื.ย
ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืงึนืึถืฉื, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืคืึนืจึตืขึท ืืึน ืึธืขืึนืช, ืึถืึผึธื ืคึผึตืจืึนืช ืฉืึถื ืึปืึผึดืื ืึฐืึตื ื ึทืขึฒืฉึดึนืื ืชึผึฐืจืึผืึธื (ืคืกืืื ื"ื):
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| 15And they shall not desecrate the holy things of the children of Israel, those that they have set aside for the Lord, |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึนึฃื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืึืึผ ืึถืชึพืงึธืึฐืฉืึตึื ืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึตึฅืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึธืจึดึืืืึผ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึฝื: |
| And they shall not desecrate [the holy things of the children of Israel].ย By allowing non- kohanim to eat of them. [see next Rashi] |
ย |
ืึฐืึนื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืืื'.ย
ืึฐืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึฐืึธืจึดืื:
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| 16thereby bringing upon themselves to bear iniquity and guilt, when they eat their holy things, for I am the Lord Who sanctifies them. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึดืฉึผืึดึคืืืึผ ืืึนืชึธืึ ืขึฒืึฃึนื ืึทืฉืึฐืึธึื ืึผึฐืึธืึฐืึธึื ืึถืชึพืงึธืึฐืฉืึตืืึถึื ืึผึดึื ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึฐืงึทืึผึฐืฉืึธึฝื: |
| thereby bringing upon themselves to bear-.ย [lit., โAnd they will cause them to bear (iniquity and guilt).โ] They will cause themselves to bear iniquity when they [the non-kohanim] eat their holy things which were set aside for terumah, and were consecrated and consequently prohibited for them. Onkelos, however, who rendered: when they eat in uncleanness, unnecessarily rendered in this manner [because the verse deals with giving the terumah to non-kohanim, not with eating it in an unclean state]. |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืฉึผืึดืืืึผ ืืึนืชึธื.ย
ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืึธื ืึดืึฐืขึฒื ืึผ ืขึธืึนื ืืืืื ืืช ืงืืฉืืื ืฉืึถืึปืึฐืึผึฐืืึผ ืึฐืฉืึตื ืชึผึฐืจืึผืึธื, ืึฐืงึธืึฐืฉืืึผ ืึฐื ึถืึถืกึฐืจืึผ ืขึฒืึตืืึถื; ืึฐืึปื ึฐืงึฐืืึนืก ืฉืึถืชึผึดืจึฐืึผึตื "ืึผึฐืึตืืึธืึฐืืึนื ืึผึฐืกืึนืึฒืึธื", ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึฐืฆึนืจึถืึฐ ืชึผึดืจึฐืึผึฐืืึน ืึตื:
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| thereby bringing upon themselves to bear.ย Heb. ืึฐืึดืฉึผืึดืืืึผ ืืึนืชึธื. This is one of the three instances in Scripture of ืึถืช [normally referring to a third party โhim,โ โthemโ etc.], which are expounded by Rabbi Ishmael to mean that the Torah is speaking of the persons themselves [i.e., the verb is reflexive]. Similarly, [the other two examples are]: ืึธืึดืื ืึนืชืึน ืึผึฐืืึนื ืืึนืืช ืึฐืึตื ื ึดืึฐืจืึน [lit., โOn the day when his abstinence is completed, he shall bring himโ] (Num. 6:13)- [meaning] that he should bring himself. Likewise, ืึทืึผึดืงึฐืึผึนืจ ืืึนืชืึน ืึทืึผึทื [lit., โAnd he buried him in the valleyโ (Deut. 34:6), meaning that] Moses buried himself (see Rashi there). Thus is it expounded in Sifrei (Bamidbar 6:124). |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืฉึผืึดืืืึผ ืืึนืชึธื.ย
ืึถื ืึถืึธื ืึดืฉืึผึฐืืึนืฉืึธื ืึถืชึดืื ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืจึทืึผึดื ืึดืฉืึฐืึธืขึตืื ืึผืึนืจึตืฉื ืึผึทืชึผืึนืจึธื ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึทืึผึฐืจึดืื ืึผึธืึธืึธื ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน, ืึฐืึตื "ืึผึฐืืึนื ืึฐืึนืืช ืึฐืึตื ื ึดืึฐืจืึน ืึธืึดืื ืึนืชืึน" (ืืืืืจ ื') โ ืืึผื ืึธืึดืื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน, ืึฐืึตื "ืึทืึผึดืงึฐืึผึนืจ ืึนืชืึน ืึทืึผึทื" (ืืืจืื ื"ื) โ ืืึผื ืงึธืึทืจ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน, ืึผึธืึฐ ื ึดืึฐืจึธืฉื ืึผึฐืกึดืคึฐืจึตื:
|
| 17And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, |
ย |
ืืืึทืึฐืึทืึผึตึฅืจ ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืึพืืฉืึถึฅื ืึผึตืืึฝึนืจ: |
| 18Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the children of Israel and say to them: Any man whatsoever from the house of Israel or from the strangers among Israel who offers up his sacrifice for any of their vows or for any of their donations that they may offer up to the Lord as a burnt offering |
ย |
ืืืึผึทืึผึตึจืจ ืึถืึพืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึฐืึถืึพืึผึธื ึธึืื ืึฐืึถืึ ืึผึธืึพืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฐืึธึฝืึทืจึฐืชึผึธึ ืึฒืึตืึถึื ืึดึฃืืฉื ืึดืืฉืึฉ ืึดืึผึตึจืืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผืึดืึพืึทืึผึตึฃืจ ืึผึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึทืงึฐืจึดึคืื ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืึนึ ืึฐืึธืึพื ึดืึฐืจึตืืึถืึ ืึผืึฐืึธืึพื ึดืึฐืืึนืชึธึื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึทืงึฐืจึดึฅืืืึผ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืขึนืึธึฝื: |
| their vows.ย [when a person declares:] โIt is incumbent upon meโ [i.e., a personal commitment to bring a burnt offering," and therefore, if the animal he set aside is lost or blemished, he must fulfill his vow with a replacement animal, whereas]; |
ย |
ื ึดืึฐืจึตืืึถื.ย
ืึฒืจึตื ืขึธืึทื:
|
| their donations.ย [when a person declares:] โBehold, [I hereby consecrate] this [animal for a burnt offering,โ since the declaration falls on the animal rather than on the person, if the consecrated animal is lost or blemished, the person is not responsible]. โ [Meg. 8a] |
ย |
ื ึดืึฐืืึนืชึธื.ย
ืึฒืจึตื ืืึน:
|
| 19to be favorable for you, [it shall be] an unblemished, male, from cattle, from sheep, or from goats. |
ย |
ืืืึดืจึฐืฆึฝึนื ึฐืึถึื ืชึผึธืึดึฃืื ืึธืึธึืจ ืึผึทืึผึธืงึธึืจ ืึผึทืึผึฐืฉืึธืึดึืื ืึผืึธึฝืขึดืึผึดึฝืื: |
| to be favorable for you.ย [God is saying here:] โBring Me something that is worthy to appease (ืึดืจึฐืฆืึนืช) for you before Me, that will make you favorable (ืจึธืฆืึนื) before Me.โ [This word ืึดืจึฐืฆึนื ึฐืึถื has the meaning of] apaisement in French [like โappeasementโ in English]. And what [animal] is worthy of attaining Godโs appeasement? |
ย |
ืึดืจึฐืฆึฝึนื ึฐืึถื.ย
ืึธืึดืืืึผ ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึฐืจึทืฆึผืึนืช ืึถืชึฐืึถื ืึฐืคึธื ึทื, ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึตื ืึธืึถื ืึฐืจึธืฆืึนื, ืืคืื"ืื ื ืึผึฐืึทืขึทื, ืึฐืึตืืึถืืึผ ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึฐืจึธืฆืึนื?
|
| an unblemished, male, from cattle, from sheep, or from goats.ย But with burnt-offerings of birds, no unblemished or male [birds] are required, and it is not rendered invalid if it has a defect unless a limb is missing. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:106] |
ย |
ืชึผึธืึดืื ืึธืึธืจ ืึผึทืึผึธืงึธืจ ืึผึทืึผึฐืฉืึธืึดืื ืึผืึธึฝืขึดืึผึดึฝืื.ย
ืึฒืึธื ืึผึฐืขืึนืึทืช ืึธืขืึนืฃ ืึตืื ืฆึธืจึดืืึฐ ืชึผึทืึผืึผืช ืึฐืึทืึฐืจืึผืช, ืึฐืึตืื ืึน ื ึดืคึฐืกึธื ืึผึฐืืึผื ืึถืึผึธื ืึผึฐืึถืกึฐืจืึนื ืึตืึถืจ (ืกืคืจื):
|
| 20Any [animal] that has a blemish, you shall not offer up, for it will not be favorable for you. |
ย |
ืืึผึึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึผึฅืึน ืึืึผื ืึนึฃื ืชึทืงึฐืจึดึืืืึผ ืึผึดืึพืึนึฅื ืึฐืจึธืฆึืึนื ืึดึฝืึฐืึถึฅื ืึธืึถึฝื: |
| 21And if a man offers up a peace offering to the Lord for declaring a vow or as a donation from cattle or from the flock to be accepted, it shall be unblemished. It shall not have any defect in it. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึดึืืฉื ืึผึดึฝืึพืึทืงึฐืจึดึคืื ืึถึฝืึทืึพืฉืึฐืึธืึดืืึ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืคึทืึผึตืึพื ึถึจืึถืจึ ืึฃืึน ืึดื ึฐืึธืึธึื ืึผึทืึผึธืงึธึืจ ืึฃืึน ืึทืฆึผึึนืื ืชึผึธืึดึคืื ืึดึฝืึฐืึถืึ ืึฐืจึธืฆึืึนื ืึผึธืึพืึืึผื ืึนึฅื ืึดึฝืึฐืึถืึพืึผึฝืึน: |
| for declaring a vow.ย For verbally designating [a particular animal. If he designated it merely in his mind, this does not obligate him as a vow]. โ [Sifthei Chachamim] |
ย |
ืึฐืคึทืึผึตืึพื ึถืึถืจ.ย
ืึฐืึทืคึฐืจึดืืฉื ืึผึฐืึดืึผืึผืจืึน:
|
| 22[An animal that has] blindness, or [a] broken [bone], or [a] split [eyelid or lip], or [one that has] warts, or dry lesions or weeping sores you shall not offer up [any of] these to the Lord, nor shall you place [any] of these as a fire offering upon the altar to the Lord. |
ย |
ืืืขึทืึผึถึฉืจึถืชึฉ ืึจืึน ืฉืึธืึืึผืจ ืึฝืึนึพืึธืจึฃืึผืฅ ืึฝืึนึพืึทืึผึถึืึถืช ืึคืึน ืึธืจึธืึ ืึฃืึน ืึทืึผึถึืคึถืช ืึนึฝืึพืชึทืงึฐืจึดึฅืืืึผ ืึตึืึผึถื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืึดืฉึผืึถึื ืึนึฝืึพืชึดืชึผึฐื ึฅืึผ ืึตืึถึื ืขึทืึพืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึตึืึท ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึฝื: |
| [An animal that has] blindness.ย ืขึทืึผึถืจึถืช. [This is] a noun, the feminine equivalent of ืขึดืึผึธืจืึนื, that the animal shall not have the defect of blindness. |
ย |
ืขึทืึผึถืจึถืช.ย
ืฉืึตื ืึผึธืึธืจ ืฉืึถื ืืึผื ืขึดืึผึธืจืึนื ืึผึฐืึธืฉืืึนื ื ึฐืงึตืึธื โ ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึฐืึตื ืืึน ืืึผื ืฉืึถื ืขึดืึผึธืจืึนื:
|
| or [a] broken [bone].ย [lit., โor broken,โ i.e., the animal] shall not be [broken]. |
ย |
ืืึน ืฉืึธืืึผืจ.ย
ืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื:
|
| or [a] split [eyelid or lip].ย ืึธืจืึผืฅ [lit. cut], an eyelid that was split or notched, and similarly, its lip which was split or notched. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:113] |
ย |
ืึธืจืึผืฅ.ย
ืจึดืืก ืฉืึถื ืขึทืึดื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืกึฐืึผึทืง ืืึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืึผึทื ืึฐืึตื ืฉืึฐืคึธืชืึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดืกึฐืึผึฐืงึธื ืืึน ื ึดืคึฐืึผึฐืึธื (ืืืืจืืช ื"ื):
|
| or [one that has] warts.ย Verrue [wart] in French. |
ย |
ืึทืึผึถืึถืช.ย
ืืจื"ืื ืึผึฐืึทืขึทื:
|
| or dry lesions.ย Heb. ืึธืจึธื, a type of lichen, as ืึทืึผึถืคึถืช (see Rashi on 21:20). The ืึทืึผึถืคึถืช is similar to โAnd Samson grasped (ืึทืึผึดืึฐืคึผึนืช)โ (Jud. 16:29) for it bonds (ืึฐืึทืคึผึถืคึถืช) itself to him until the day of [his] death, for it has no cure. โ [Bech. 41a]
|
ย |
ืึธืจึธื.ย
ืึดืื ืึฒืึธืึดืืช ืึฐืึตื ืึทืึผึถืคึถืช, ืึผืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึทืึผึถืคึถืช ืึผึฐืืึน ืึทืึผึดืึฐืคึผึนืช ืฉืึดืึฐืฉืืึนื (ืฉืืคืืื ื"ื), ืฉืึถืึฒืืึผืึธื ืืึน ืขึทื ืืึนื ืึดืืชึธื, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึธืึผ ืจึฐืคืึผืึธื:
|
| you shall not offer up [(any of) these].ย [This prohibition is stated] three times [here and in verses 20 and 25], as an admonition against (a) consecrating them, (b) slaughtering them and (c) dashing their blood. โ [Temurah 6b] |
ย |
ืึนึฝืึพืชึทืงึฐืจึดืืืึผ.ย
ืฉืึธืืึนืฉื ืคึผึฐืขึธืึดืื, ืึฐืึทืึฐืึดืืจ ืขึทื ืึทืงึฐืึผึธืฉืึธืชึธื ืึฐืขึทื ืฉืึฐืึดืืึธืชึธื ืึฐืขึทื ืึฐืจึดืืงึทืช ืึผึธืึธื (ืชืืืจื ื'):
|
| nor shall you place [(any) of these] as a fire-offering.ย [This is] an admonition against the burning them [on the altar]. โ [Temurah 6b; Torath Kohanim 22:116] |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืฉึผืึถื ืึนึฝืึพืชึดืชึผึฐื ืึผ.ย
ืึทืึฐืึธืจึทืช ืึทืงึฐืึธืจึธืชึธื:
|
| 23As for an ox or sheep that has mismatching limbs or uncloven hooves you may make it into a donation, but as a vow, it will not be accepted. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืฉืึฅืึนืจ ืึธืฉืึถึื ืฉืึธืจึฃืึผืขึท ืึฐืงึธืึืึผื ื ึฐืึธืึธืึ ืชึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึถึฃื ืึนืชึืึน ืึผืึฐื ึตึืึถืจ ืึนึฅื ืึตึฝืจึธืฆึถึฝื: |
| mismatching limbs.ย i.e., one limb bigger than its [normal] counterpart. โ [see Rashi on verse 21:18 above and Sifthei Chachamim there; Bech. 40a] |
ย |
ืฉืึธืจืึผืขึท.ย
ืึตืึถืจ ืึผึธืืึนื ืึตืึฒืึตืจืึน:
|
| uncloven hooves.ย its hooves are uncloven [i.e., resembling those of a horse or donkey]. โ [Bech. 40a] |
ย |
ืึฐืงึธืืึผื.ย
ืคึผึทืจึฐืกืึนืชึธืื ืงึฐืืึผืืึนืช (ืืืืจืืช ื'):
|
| you may make it into a donation.ย [i.e., it may be sold and its money donated] to the maintenance of the Holy Temple. |
ย |
ื ึฐืึธืึธื ืชึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึถื ืึนืชืึน.ย
ืึฐืึถืึถืง ืึทืึผึทืึดืช:
|
| but as a vow.ย for the altar. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:118] |
ย |
ืึผืึฐื ึตืึถืจ.ย
ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึตืึท:
|
| it will not be accepted.ย What consecration comes to grant acceptance (ืึดืจึฐืฆืึนืช) ? I must say the consecration for the altar. - [Torath Kohanim 22:118][See Sifthei Chachamim, Mizrachi, and Nachalath Yaakov] |
ย |
ืึนื ืึตึฝืจึธืฆึถึฝื.ย
ืึตื ืึถื ืึถืงึฐืึผึตืฉื ืึผึธื ืึฐืจึทืฆึผืึนืช? ืึฑืึตื ืืึนืึตืจ ืึถื ืึถืงึฐืึผึตืฉื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึตืึท (ืชืืืจื ื'):
|
| 24[Any animal whose testicles were] squashed, crushed, pulled out, or severed, you shall not offer up to the Lord, and in your land, you shall not do [it]. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึธืขึคืึผืึฐ ืึฐืึธืชืึผืชึ ืึฐื ึธืชึฃืึผืง ืึฐืึธืจึืึผืช ืึนึฅื ืชึทืงึฐืจึดึืืืึผ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึผืึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืึถึื ืึนึฅื ืชึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึฝืึผ: |
| [Any animal] whose testicles were squashed, crushed, pulled out, or severed.ย [These terms refer to damage] to the testicles or the membrum. โ [Bech. 39b] |
ย |
ืึผืึธืขืึผืึฐ ืึฐืึธืชืึผืช ืึฐื ึธืชืึผืง ืึฐืึธืจืึผืช.ย
ืึผึทืึผึตืืฆึดืื ืืึน ืึทืึผึดืื:
|
| squashed.ย Heb. ืึผืึธืขืึผืึฐ, its testicles were squashed by hand. |
ย |
ืึธืขืึผืึฐ.ย
ืึผึตืืฆึธืื ืึฐืขืึผืึดืื ืึผึทืึผึธื:
|
| crushed.ย ืึฐืึธืชืึผืช, more severely crushed than ืึธืขืึผืึฐ. |
ย |
ืึธืชืึผืช.ย
ืึผึฐืชืึผืฉืึดืื ืืึนืชึตืจ ืึดืึผึธืขืึผืึฐ:
|
| pulled out.ย Heb. ื ึธืชืึผืง, torn off by hand, until the threads upon which they are suspended snapped, but they are still contained within the scrotum, and the scrotum was not torn off. |
ย |
ื ึธืชืึผืง.ย
ืชึผึฐืืึผืฉืึดืื ืึผึทืึผึธื ืขึทื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืกึฐืงืึผ ืืึผืึดืื ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืืึผืึดืื ืึผึธืึถื, ืึฒืึธื ื ึฐืชืึผื ึดืื ืึตื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึทืึผึดืืก, ืึฐืึทืึผึดืืก ืึนื ื ึดืชึฐืึทืฉื:
|
| or severed.ย Heb., ืึฐืึธืจืึผืช, severed with an instrument, but still contained within the scrotum. |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืจืึผืช.ย
ืึผึฐืจืึผืชึดืื ืึผึดืึฐืึดื ืึฐืขืึนืึธื ืึผึทืึผึดืืก (ืืืืจืืช ื"ื):
|
| squashed.ย Heb. ืึผืึธืขืึผืึฐ [Onkelos] renders this as ืึฐืึดืืึฐืจึดืืก, which is its equivalent in Aramaic, an expression of crushing. |
ย |
ืึผืึธืขืึผืึฐ.ย
ืชึผึทืจึฐืึผืึผืืึน ืึฐืึดื ืึฐืจึดืืก, ืึถืืึผ ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึน ืึผึทืึฒืจึธืึดืืช, ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึผึฐืชึดืืฉืึธื:
|
| crushed.ย ืึฐืึธืชืึผืช, [Onkelos] renders this as ืึฐืึดืืจึฐืกึดืืก, like, โ[and he will smite] the great house into splinters (ืจึฐืกึดืืกึดืื)โ (Amos 6:11), little pieces; likewise, ืงึธื ึถื ืึทืึฐืจึปืกึผึธืก, meaning โa reed that is broken into piecesโ (Shab. 80b). |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืชืึผืช.ย
ืชึผึทืจึฐืึผืึผืืึน ืึฐืึดื ืจึฐืกึดืืก, ืึผึฐืืึน "ืึทืึผึทืึดืช ืึทืึผึธืืึนื ืจึฐืกึดืืกึดืื" (ืขืืืก ื') โ ืึผึฐืงึดืืขืึนืช ืึผึทืงึผืึนืช, ืึฐืึตื "ืงึธื ึถื ืึทืึฐืจึปืกึผึธืก" (ืฉืืช ืค'):]
|
| and in your land, you shall not do.ย this thing, to castrate any livestock or wild animal, even of an unclean species. This is why [our verse] says here โin your landโ -to include any species found in your land. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:121] for it is impossible to say that castration is prohibited only in Eretz Israel [โyour land,โ] because [the prohibition of] castration is an obligation [associated with] the body [of a person], and every commandment associated with the body [of a person] applies both in the Land [of Israel] and outside the Land [of Israel]. - [Kid. 36b] |
ย |
ืึผืึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืึถื ืึนื ืชึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึฝืึผ.ย
ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึถื ืึฐืกึธืจึตืก ืฉืืึผื ืึผึฐืึตืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึธื, ืึทืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืึฐืึตืึธื, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืึถื ืึฐืจึทืึผืึนืช ืึผึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืึถื, ืฉืึถืึดื ืึถืคึฐืฉึทึธืืจ ืืึนืึธืจ ืึนื ื ึดืฆึฐืึทืึผืึผ ืขึทื ืึทืกึผึตืจืึผืก ืึถืึผึธื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ืกึตืจืึผืก ืืึนืึทืช ืึทืึผืึผืฃ ืึดืื ืึฐืึธื ืืึนืึทืช ืึทืึผืึผืฃ ื ืึนืึถืึถืช ืึผึตืื ืึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึผึตืื ืึผึฐืืึผืฆึธื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ:
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| 25And from the hand of a gentile you shall not offer up as food for your God any of these [blemished animals], for their injury is upon them, there is a defect on them; they will not be accepted for you. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึดืึผึทึฃื ืึผึถืึพื ึตืึธึืจ ืึนึฅื ืชึทืงึฐืจึดึืืืึผ ืึถืชึพืึถึฅืึถื ืึฑืึนึฝืึตืืึถึื ืึดืึผึธืึพืึตึืึผึถื ืึผึดึฃื ืึธืฉืึฐืึธืชึธึคื ืึผึธืึถืึ ืึฃืึผื ืึผึธึื ืึนึฅื ืึตึฝืจึธืฆึืึผ ืึธืึถึฝื: |
| from the hand of a gentile.ย [lit., โand from the hand of a foreigner,โ i.e.,] if a non-Jew brought a sacrifice and handed it over to the kohen to offer it up to Heaven, you shall not offer up on his behalf any blemished animal. And even though blemished animals are not deemed invalid as sacrifices from the children of Noah [i.e., by all non-Jews] unless they have a limb missing-that [rule] applies [only] to private altars in the fields. However, on the altar in the Mishkan, you shall not offer them up (Temurah 7b). You shall, however, accept an unblemished animal from them. That is why Scripture states earlier in this passage (verse 18 above), ืึดืืฉื ืึดืืฉื, โAny man whatsoever,โ [where this double expression comes] to include non-Jews, who make vows and donations like Israelites. โ [Temurah 2b, Chulin 13b] |
ย |
ืึผืึดืึผึทื ืึผึถืึพื ึตืึธืจ.ย
ืฉืึถืึตืึดืื ืงึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืึผึฐืึทื ืึผึนืึตื ืึฐืึทืงึฐืจึดืืืึน ืึทืฉืึผึธืึทืึดื ืื ืชืงืจืืื ืืึน ืึผึทืขึทื ืืึผื; ืึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทื ืคึผึดื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ื ึถืึถืกึฐืจืึผ ืึทืขึฒืึตื ืืึผืึดืื ืึฐืงึธืจึฐืึผึทื ืึผึฐื ึตื ื ึนืึท ืึถืึผึธื ืึดื ืึผึตื ืึฐืึปืกึผึฐืจึตื ืึตืึถืจ, ืึนืืช ื ืึนืึถืึถืช ืึผึฐืึธืึธื ืฉืึถืึผึทืฉืึผึธืืึนืช, ืึฒืึธื ืขึทื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึตืึท ืฉืึถืึผึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึผึธื ืึนื ืชึทืงึฐืจึดืืืึผ, ืึฒืึธื ืชึผึฐืึดืืึธื ืชึฐืงึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืึตืึถื, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึฐืึทืขึฐืึธื ืึดืืฉื ืึดืืฉื, ืึฐืจึทืึผืึนืช ืึถืช ืึทืึผืึนืึดื ืฉืึถื ึผืึนืึฐืจึดืื ื ึฐืึธืจึดืื ืึผื ึฐืึธืืึนืช ืึผึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื (ืชืืืจื ื: ืืืืื ื"ื:):
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| their injury.ย Heb. ืึธืฉืึฐืึธืชึธื, [as Onkelos renders it:] ืึดืึผืึผืึฐืืึนื, โtheir injury.โ |
ย |
ืึธืฉืึฐืึธืชึธื.ย
ืึดืึผืึผืึฐืืึนื:
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| they will not be accepted for you.ย to atone for you. |
ย |
ืึนื ืึตึฝืจึธืฆืึผ ืึธืึถึฝื.ย
ืึฐืึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึฒืึตืืึถื:
|
| 26And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: |
ย |
ืืืึทืึฐืึทืึผึตึฅืจ ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืึพืืฉืึถึฅื ืึผึตืืึฝึนืจ: |
| 27When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall remain under its mother for seven days, and from the eighth day onwards, it shall be accepted as a sacrifice for a fire offering to the Lord. |
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ืืืฉืึฃืึนืจ ืืึนึพืึถึคืฉืึถื ืืึนึพืขึตืึ ืึผึดึฃื ืึดืึผึธืึตึื ืึฐืึธืึธึื ืฉืึดืึฐืขึทึฅืช ืึธืึดึืื ืชึผึทึฃืึทืช ืึดืึผึืึน ืึผืึดืึผึคืึนื ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดืื ึดืึ ืึธืึธึืึฐืึธื ืึตึฝืจึธืฆึถึื ืึฐืงึธืจึฐืึผึทึฅื ืึดืฉึผืึถึื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึฝื: |
| When [an ox or a sheep or a goat] is born.ย [The expression โis bornโ comes] to exclude [from sacrifice an animal] delivered by Caesarean section. - [Chul. 38b] |
ย |
ืึผึดื ืึดืึผึธืึตื.ย
ืคึผึฐืจึธื ืึฐืืึนืฆึตื ืึนืคึถื (ืฉื ื"ื):
|
| 28An ox or sheep you shall not slaughter it and its offspring in one day. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืฉืึืึนืจ ืืึนึพืฉืึถึื ืึนืชึฃืึน ืึฐืึถืชึพืึผึฐื ึืึน ืึนึฅื ืชึดืฉืึฐืึฒืึืึผ ืึผึฐืึฅืึนื ืึถืึธึฝื: |
| it and its offspring.ย [This prohibition] applies to the female [i.e., the mother] animal, namely, that it is prohibited to slaughter a mother animal and its male or female offspring [on the same day]. The prohibition does not apply, however, to males [i.e., to the father animals], and it is permissible to slaughter the father animal along with its male or female offspring [on the same day]. โ [Chul. 78b] |
ย |
ืึนืชืึน ืึฐืึถืชึพืึผึฐื ืึน.ย
ื ืึนืึตื ืึผึทื ึผึฐืงึตืึธื โ ืฉืึถืึธืกืึผืจ ืึดืฉืึฐืึนื ืึธืึตื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืืึน ืึทืึผึทืช, ืึฐืึตืื ืึน ื ืึนืึตื ืึผึทืึผึฐืึธืจึดืื, ืึผืึปืชึผึธืจ ืึดืฉืึฐืึนื ืึธืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื (ืฉื ืข"ื):
|
| [you shall not slaughter] it and its offspring.ย Also included [in this prohibition is slaughtering] its offspring and [then] it. โ [Chul. 82a] |
ย |
ืึนืชืึน ืึฐืึถืชึพืึผึฐื ืึน.ย
ืึทืฃ ืึผึฐื ืึน ืึฐืืึนืชืึน ืึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืึธืข (ืฉื ืค"ื):
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| 29And when you slaughter a thanksgiving offering to the Lord, you shall slaughter it so that it should be acceptable for you. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึดึฝืึพืชึดืึฐืึผึฐืึฅืึผ ืึถึฝืึทืึพืชึผืึนืึธึื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึดืจึฐืฆึฝึนื ึฐืึถึื ืชึผึดืึฐืึผึธึฝืืึผ: |
| you shall slaughter it so that it should be acceptable for you.ย From the very beginning of your slaughtering, take care that it should be โacceptable for you.โ And what makes it acceptable?" |
ย |
ืึดืจึฐืฆึฝึนื ึฐืึถื ืชึดืึฐืึผึฐืืึผ.ย
ืชึผึฐืึดืึผึทืช ืึฐืึดืืึทืชึฐืึถื ืึดืึผึธืึฒืจืึผ ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืึฐืจึธืฆืึนื ืึธืึถื, ืึผืึทืืึผ ืึธืจึธืฆืึนื?
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| It shall be eaten on that day.ย [Now, although it has already been stated that thanksgiving-offerings must be eaten on the day of sacrificing (Lev. 7:15), the Torah repeats this here] exclusively to warn us that the slaughtering must be performed on this condition. Do not slaughter it with the intention of eating it on the next day, for if you have this invalidating intention in mind, the sacrifice will not be โacceptable for youโ (Torath Kohanim 22:135) [Indeed, it will be rejected (ืคึผึดืึผืึผื; see Rashi Lev. 7:18)]. Another explanation of ืึดืจึฐืฆึนื ึฐืึถื is: โknowingly.โ From here, [we learn that] if someone slaughtered an animal in an incidental manner [i.e., according to Rashi , without intending to slaughter, just to pick up the knife or to throw it. According to Tosafoth, if he did not intend to slaughter, but only to sever the organs, or if he thought that it was an ordinary animal, and did not realize that it was to be slaughtered as a holy sacrifice], then [even though the animal is fit to be eaten as ordinary non-consecrated meat, nevertheless,] regarding being slaughtered as a holy sacrifice, it is deemed unfit. โ [Chul. 13a] Now, although Scripture has already stated [that a sacrifice is โnot acceptableโ if, while slaughtering, one intended to eat it after its permissible time] in the case of sacrifices that may be eaten for two days (see Lev. 7:18), it specifies it again regarding those sacrifices that must be eaten on the same day (see Rashi Lev. 7:15), namely, that they [too] must be slaughtered with the intention of eating them within their permissible time. |
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ืึผึทืึผืึนื ืึทืืึผื ืึตึฝืึธืึตื.ย
ืึนื ืึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึดืืจ ืึถืึผึธื ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืฉืึฐืึดืืึธื ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึผึตื โ ืึทื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืึฒืืึผืืึผ ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึฐืึธืึฐืืึน ืึฐืึธืึธืจ, ืฉืึถืึดื ืชึผึทืึฐืฉืึฐืืึผ ืืึน ืึทืึฒืฉืึถืึถืช ืคึผึฐืกืึผื ืึนื ืึฐืึตื ืึธืึถื ืึฐืจึธืฆืึนื; ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึทืึตืจ ืืจืฆื ืื โ ืึฐืึทืขึฐืชึผึฐืึถื, ืึดืึผึธืื ืึทืึผึดืชึฐืขึทืกึผึตืง ืฉืึถืคึผึธืกืึผื ืึผึดืฉืึฐืึดืืึทืช ืงึธืึธืฉืึดืื; ืึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทื ืคึผึดื ืฉึผืึถืคึผึตืจึตื ืึผึทื ึผึถืึฑืึธืึดืื ืึดืฉืึฐื ึตื ืึธืึดืื, ืึธืึทืจ ืึผืคึตืจึตื ืึผึทื ึผึถืึฑืึธืึดืื ืึฐืืึนื ืึถืึธื ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืึฐืึดืืึธืชึธื ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึฐืึธืึฐืึธื ืึผึดืึฐืึทื ึผึธื:
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| 30It shall be eaten on that day; do not leave it over until morning. I am the Lord. |
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ืืึผึทืึผึคืึนื ืึทืืึผืึ ืึตึฝืึธืึตึื ืึนึฝืึพืชืึนืชึดึฅืืจืึผ ืึดืึผึถึื ึผืึผ ืขึทืึพืึผึึนืงึถืจ ืึฒื ึดึื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| It shall be eaten on that day.ย [As explained above (see preceding Rashi)], Scripture states this here only to warn us that the slaughtering must be performed with this intention. For if it meant to fix the time limit for eating it, this has already been stated, โAnd the flesh of his thanksgiving peace-offering [shall be eaten on the day that it is offeredโฆ]โ (Lev. 7:15). - [Torath Kohanim 7:113] |
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ืึผึทืึผืึนื ืึทืืึผื ืึตึฝืึธืึตื.ย
ืึนื ืึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐืึดืืจ ืึถืึผึธื ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืฉืึฐืึดืืึธื ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึผึตื, ืฉืึถืึดื ืึดืงึฐืึผึนืขึท ืืึน ืึฐืึทื ืึฒืึดืืึธื, ืึผึฐืึธืจ ืึผึธืชืึผื ืึผืึฐืฉืึทืจ ืึถืึทื ืชึผืึนืึทืช ืฉืึฐืึธืึธืื ืึฐืืึน' (ืืืงืจื ื'):
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| I am the Lord.ย Know Who decreed this matter, and do not perceive it as unimportant. |
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ืึฒื ึดื ื'.ย
ืึผึทืข ืึดื ืึธืึทืจ ืขึทื ืึทืึผึธืึธืจ ืึฐืึทื ืึตืงึทื ืึผึฐืขึตืื ึถืืึธ:
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| 31You shall keep My commandments and perform them. I am the Lord. |
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ืืืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถืึ ืึดืฆึฐืโึนืชึทึื ืึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึดืืชึถึื ืึนืชึธึื ืึฒื ึดึื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| You shall keep [My commandments].ย This refers to learning [Godโs commandments and โkeepingโ them organized and memorized in oneโs heart] |
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ืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื.ย
ืืึน ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐื ึธื:
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| and perform them.ย meaning [putting them into] action. โ [Mizrachi; Torath Kohanim 22:136] |
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ืึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึดืืชึถื.ย
ืึถื ืึทืึผึทืขึฒืฉืึถื (ืกืคืจื):
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| 32You shall not desecrate My Holy Name. I shall be sanctified amidst the children of Israel. I am the Lord Who sanctifies you, |
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ืืืึฐืึนึคื ืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผึ ืึถืชึพืฉืึตึฃื ืงึธืึฐืฉืึดึื ืึฐื ึดึจืงึฐืึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดึื ืึผึฐืชึืึนืึฐ ืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึฐืงึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึถึฝื: |
| You shall not desecrate [My Holy Name].ย By transgressing My commandments intentionally. Now, is it not already implied by the verse โ You shall not desecrate [My Holy Name,โ that if you do not transgress, Godโs Name will be sanctified? So] what do we learn by Scripture adding โI shall be sanctified [amidst the children of Israel]?โ [It teaches us:] Surrender your life [and do not transgress Godโs commandments], and [thus] sanctify My Name. Now, one might think [that this commandment applies even] in private [i.e., if he is not in the presence of ten or more Jews]. Scripture, therefore, says here โ[I shall be sanctified] amidst the children of Israelโ [i.e., one is obliged to sacrifice oneโs life to avoid transgressing Godโs commandments only in the presence of ten or more Jews]. And when one sacrifices oneself, one shall do so with the willingness to die, anyone who [submits to] sacrifices himself while assuming [that God will surely perform] a miracle [for him and save his life], for this person, God does not perform a miracle, for so we find in [the case of] Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah, that [when the evil Nebuchadnezzar threatened to throw them into a fiery furnace], they did not submit themselves on the condition [that God would perform] a miracle, as Scripture says, โ[Behold, there is our God Whom we worship; He can save us from the burning, fiery furnace and from your hands, O king!] But if not, let it be known to you, O king [that we will not worship your god, neither will we prostrate ourselves to the golden image that you have set up]!โ (Dan. 3:17-18). [We see here that whatever the outcome,] whether [God would] rescue [them] or not- [they declared, regardless] โLet it be known to you, O king [that we will not prostrate ourselvesโฆ]!โ - [Torath Kohanim 22:137] |
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ืึฐืึนื ืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผ.ย
ืึทืขึฒืึนืจ ืขึทื ืึผึฐืึธืจึทื ืึฐืึดืืึดืื; ืึดืึผึทืฉืึฐืึธืข ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึฐืึนื ืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืึฐื ึดืงึฐืึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื? ืึฐืกึนืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืึฐืึธ ืึฐืงึทืึผึตืฉื ืฉืึฐืึดื. ืึธืืึนื ืึผึฐืึธืึดืื, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืืชืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื; ืึผืึฐืฉืึถืืึผื ืืึนืกึตืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึดืึฐืกึนืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึธืืึผืช, ืฉืึถืึผึธื ืึทืึผืึนืกึตืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึทื ึผึตืก, ืึตืื ืขืึนืฉืึดึนืื ืืึน ื ึตืก, ืฉืึถืึผึตื ืึธืฆึดืื ืึผ ืึทืึฒื ึทื ึฐืึธื ืึดืืฉืึธืึตื ืึทืขึฒืึทืจึฐืึธื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึธืกึฐืจืึผ ืขึทืฆึฐืึธื ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึทื ึผึตืก, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ (ืื ืืื ื '), "ืึฐืึตื ืึธื ืึฐืึดืืขึท ืึถืึฑืึตื ืึธืึฐ ืึทืึฐืึผึธื" ืึฐืืึน', ืึทืฆึผึดืื ืึฐืึนื ืึทืฆึผึดืื โ "ืึฐืึดืืขึท ืึถืึฑืึตื ืึธืึฐ" ืึฐืื' (ืกืคืจื):
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| 33Who took you out of the land of Egypt, to be a God to you. I am the Lord. |
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ืืืึทืึผืึนืฆึดึคืื ืึถืชึฐืึถืึ ืึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึดึฝืึฐืึฅืึนืช ืึธืึถึื ืึตึฝืืึนืึดึืื ืึฒื ึดึื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| Who took you out [of the land of Egypt].ย on this very condition [i.e., to be willing to sacrifice your lives in sanctification of My Holy Name. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:138] [And do not think that since it is an obligation, you will not receive reward for sacrificing yourselves, for] |
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ืึทืึผืึนืฆึดืื ืึถืชึฐืึถื.ย
ืขึทื ืึฐื ึธืช ืึผึตื:
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| I am the Lord.ย faithful to give reward [to those who fulfill My Torah. โ [Torath Kohanim 22:138] |
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ืึฒื ึดื ื'.ย
ื ึถืึฑืึธื ืึฐืฉืึทืึผึตื ืฉืึธืึธืจ (ืฉื):
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