Chapter 32

1When the people saw that Moses was late in coming down from the mountain, the people gathered against Aaron, and they said to him: "Come on! Make us gods that will go before us, because this man Moses, who brought us up from the land of Egypt we don't know what has become of him." ย  ืื•ึทื™ึผึทึฃืจึฐื ื”ึธืขึธึ”ื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ ื‘ืฉืึตึฅืฉื ืžืฉืึถึ–ื” ืœึธืจึถึฃื“ึถืช ืžึดืŸึพื”ึธื”ึธึ‘ืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึธื”ึตึจืœ ื”ึธืขึธึœื ืขึทืœึพืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ—ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึฝึนืืžึฐืจึคื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื•ึ™ ืงึฃื•ึผืย | ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื”ึพืœึธึฃื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ—ื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื™ึตึฝืœึฐื›ื•ึผึ™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตึ”ื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ึพื–ึถึฃื”ย | ืžืฉืึถึฃื” ื”ึธืึดึ—ื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึธึจื ื•ึผึ™ ืžึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ืœึนึฅื ื™ึธื“ึทึ–ืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื”ึพื”ึธึฅื™ึธื” ืœึฝื•ึน:
that Moses was late.ย Heb. ื‘ืฉืึตืฉื, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders ืื•ึนื—ึทืจ, an expression for lateness. Likewise, [in the verse] โ€œis his chariot late (ื‘ึผึนืฉืึตืฉื) โ€ (Jud. 5:28); โ€œand they waited until it was late (ื‘ึผื•ึนืฉื) โ€ (Jud. 3:25). When Moses went up the mountain, he said to them [the Israelites], โ€œAt the end of forty days I will come, within six hoursโ€ [from sunrise of the fortieth day]. They thought that the day he went up was included in the number [of the forty days], but [in fact] he had said to them, โ€œforty days,โ€ [meaning] complete [days], including the night. But the day of his ascent did not have its night included with it [because Moses ascended in the morning], for on the seventh of Sivan he ascended. Thus, the fortieth day [of Mosesโ€™ absence] was the seventeenth of Tammuz. On the sixteenth [of Tammuz], Satan came and brought confusion into the world and showed a semblance of darkness, [even] pitch darkness, and confusion, [as if] indicating [that] Moses had surely died and therefore, confusion had come upon the world. He [Satan] said to them, โ€œMoses has died, for six [additional] hours have already passed, and he has not come, etc.,โ€ as is found in tractate Shabbath (89a). We cannot say that their [the Israelitesโ€™] only error was that on a cloudy day [they were confused] between before noon and after noon, because Moses did not descend until the next day, as it is said: โ€œOn the next day, they arose early, offered up burnt offeringsโ€ฆโ€ (verse 6). ย  ื›ึผึดึฝื™ ื‘ืฉืึตืฉื ืžืฉืึถื”.ย  ื›ึผึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผื•ึผืžื•ึน, ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืึดื—ื•ึผืจ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึนืฉืึตืฉื ืจึดื›ึฐื‘ึผื•ึน (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”'), ื•ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึนืฉื (ืฉื ื’'); ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืœึธื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึธื”ึธืจ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ืฉืึตืฉื ืฉืึธืขื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึดืกึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึตื ืฉืึถืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื™ื•ึนื ืฉืึถืขึธืœึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึดื™ื โ€“ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึตื™ืœื•ึน ืขึดืžึผื•ึน โ€“ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึธืชื•ึน ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึตื™ืœื•ึน ืขึดืžึผื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื‘ึฐื–' ื‘ึผึฐืกึดื™ื•ึธืŸ ืขึธืœึธื”, ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื™ื•ึนื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืžึผื•ึผื–. ื‘ึผึฐื™"ื• ื‘ึผึธื ืฉื‚ึธื˜ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึดืจึฐื‘ึผึตื‘ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐื”ึถืจึฐืึธื” ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึผืช ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื•ึทืึฒืคึตืœึธื” ื•ึฐืขึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธื”, ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืžึตืช ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธื ืขึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธื ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึตืช ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืฉืึตืฉื ืฉืึธืขื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ื›ึผึดื“ึฐืึดื™ืชึธื ื‘ึฐืžึทืกึผึถื›ึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช (ื“ืฃ ืค"ื˜); ื•ึฐืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึถืœึนื ื˜ึธืขื•ึผ ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืžึฐืขึปื ึผึธืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึนื“ึถื ื—ึฒืฆื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื—ึฒืฆื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธืจึทื“ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืžึผึธื—ึณืจึธืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึธื—ึณืจึธืช ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืขึนืœึนืช:
that will go before us.ย ืึดืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ [The word ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ is in the plural form.] They desired many deities for themselves. -[from Sanh. 63a] ย  ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตึฝืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ.ย  ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืึดื•ึผื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืก"ื’):
because this man Moses.ย Satan showed them something resembling Moses, being carried in the air, high above in the sky. -[from Shab. 89a, Midrash Tanchuma 19] ย  ื›ึผึดึฝื™ ื–ึถื” ืžืฉืึถื” ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื.ย  ื›ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึผืช ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึถืจึฐืึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทืฉื‚ึผึธื˜ึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื ึผื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืึฒื•ึดื™ืจ ืจึฐืงึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทืฉืึผึธืžึธื™ึดื (ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื˜):
who brought us up from the land of Egypt.ย And directed us the way we should go up [from Egypt]. Now we need gods who will go before us [instead of Moses]. ย  ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื.ย  ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžื•ึนืจึถื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ, ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืึธื ื•ึผ ืœึถืึฑืœื•ึนื”ื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ:
2Aaron said to them, "Remove the golden earrings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters and bring them [those earrings] to me." ย  ื‘ื•ึทื™ึผึคึนืืžึถืจ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถืึ™ ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ”ืŸ ืคึผึธึฝืจึฐืงื•ึผึ™ ื ึดื–ึฐืžึตึฃื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึธื”ึธึ”ื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื ึฐืฉืึตื™ื›ึถึ”ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถึ–ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึฝึนืชึตื™ื›ึถึ‘ื ื•ึฐื”ึธื‘ึดึ–ื™ืื•ึผ ืึตืœึธึฝื™:
that are on the ears of your wivesโ€ฆ.ย Aaron said to himself, โ€œThe women and children are fond of their jewelry. Perhaps the matter will be delayed, and in the meantime, Moses will arrive.โ€ But they did not wait [for their wives and children to give them their earrings], and they took off their own [earrings]. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 21] ย  ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื ึฐืฉืึตื™ื›ึถื.ย  ืึธืžึทืจ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน: ื”ึทื ึผึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื—ึธืกึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืชึผึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ื˜ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึดืชึฐืขึทื›ึผึตื‘ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืœึนื ื”ึดืžึฐืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืคึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธืŸ:
Remove.ย Heb. ืคึผึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ, an imperative expression, from the same root as ืคึผึธืจึตืง in the singular. [This is] like ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ, bless, [which is] from the same root as ื‘ึผึธืจึตืšึฐ. ย  ืคึผึธึฝืจึฐืงื•ึผ.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฆึดื•ึผื•ึผื™, ืžึดื’ึผึดื–ึฐืจึทืช ืคึผึธืจึตืง ืœึฐื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืžึดื’ึผึดื–ึฐืจึทืช ื‘ึผึธืจึตืšึฐ:
3And all the people stripped themselves of the golden earrings that were on their ears and brought them to Aaron. ย  ื’ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึธึฝืจึฐืงื•ึผึ™ ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืขึธึ”ื ืึถืชึพื ึดื–ึฐืžึตึฅื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึธื”ึธึ–ื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถึ‘ื ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึดึ–ื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืœึพืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึฝึนืŸ:
stripped themselves.ย Heb. ื•ึทื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ, an expression [used for] unloading a burden. When they removed them [the earrings] from their ears, they were found to be unloaded of their earrings, descharyer in Old French [decharger in modern French], to unload. ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึธึฝืจึฐืงื•ึผ.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ืงึทืช ืžึทืฉื‚ึผึธื, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึฐื˜ึธืœื•ึผื ืžึตืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึตื ืžึฐืคึนืจึธืงึดื™ื ืžึดื ึผึดื–ึฐืžึตื™ื”ึถื, ื“ื™ืฉืงืจื™ื™"ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืœึทืขึทื–:
of the golden earrings.ย Heb. ืึถืช-ื ึดื–ึฐืžึตื™, like ืžึดื ึผึทื–ึฐืžึตื™, similar to โ€œWhen I leave the city (ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ) โ€ (Exod. 9:29), [like] ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ, [lit., when I go out of the city]. ย  ืึถืชึพื ึดื–ึฐืžึตื™.ย  ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืžึดื ึผึดื–ึฐืžึตื™, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜') โ€“ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ:
4He took [them] from their hand[s], fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made it into a molten calf, upon which they said: "These are your gods, O Israel, who have brought you up from the land of Egypt!" ย  ื“ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทึฃื— ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึธึ—ื ื•ึทื™ึผึธึคืฆึทืจ ืึนืชื•ึนึ™ ื‘ึผึทื—ึถึ”ืจึถื˜ ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึตึ–ื”ื•ึผ ืขึตึฃื’ึถืœ ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึฐืจึ”ื•ึผ ืึตึคืœึผึถื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถึจื™ืšึธึ™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึ–ื•ึผืšึธ ืžึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดื:
fashioned it with an engraving tool.ย Heb. ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜. This [clause] can be rendered in two ways: One is [that] ื•ึทื™ึผึธึธืฆึทืจ is an expression of tying, and ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜ is an expression meaning a kerchief, similar to โ€œand the tablecloths and the purses (ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึดืจึดื™ื˜ึดื™ื) โ€ (Isa. 3:22); โ€œand he tied two talents of silver in two purses (ื—ึดืจึดื˜ึดื™ื) โ€ (II Kings 5:23). The second [way of rendering it] is [that] ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ is an expression meaning a form, and ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜ is the tool of the smiths, with which they cut out and engrave (ื—ื•ึนืจึฐื˜ึดื™ืŸ) forms in gold. [The tool is] like a scribeโ€™s stylus, which engraves letters on tablets and wax-covered tablets, as โ€œand inscribe on it with a common pen (ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืจึถื˜ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื) โ€ (Isa. 8:1). This [second interpretation] is what Onkelos rendered: ื•ึฐืฆึทืจ ื™ึธืชึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื–ึดื™ืคึธื, an expression of ื–ึดื™ื•ึผืฃ, a tool with which people engrave letters and designs, known in French as nielle, niello work. With it, signets are engraved. ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜.ย  ื™ึตืฉื ืœึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึดืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืคึธื ึดื™ื, ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ โ€“ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืงึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜ โ€“ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืกื•ึผื“ึธืจ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึฐืคึผึธื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึธื—ึฒืจึดื™ื˜ึดื™ื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื’'), ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ ื›ึผึดื›ึผึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึฒืจึดื˜ึดื™ื (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื”'), ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉืึผึตื ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึทืจ โ€“ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฆื•ึผืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื˜ โ€“ ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ ืึปืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึนืจึฐืคึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื—ื•ึนืจึฐืฆึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนืจึฐืชึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืฆื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘, ื›ึผึฐืขึตื˜ ืกื•ึนืคึตืจ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืจึตืช ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืคึดื ึฐืงึธืกึดื™ืŸ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึผื›ึฐืชึนื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืจึถื˜ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื—'), ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืจึฐื’ึผึตื ืึปื ึฐืงึฐืœื•ึนืก ื•ึฐืฆึทืจ ื™ึธืชึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื–ึดื™ืคึธื, ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื–ึดื™ึผื•ึผืฃ, ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืึปืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื—ื•ึนืจึฐืฆึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผืฉืึฐืงึตื“ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถืงึผื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืœึทืขึทื– ื ื™ื™"ืœ, ื•ึผืžึฐื–ึทื™ึผึฐืคึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื—ื•ึนืชึธืžื•ึนืช:
a molten calf -.ย As soon as they had cast it into the fire of the crucible, the sorcerers of the mixed multitude who had gone up with them from Egypt came and made it with sorcery. [See commentary on Exod. 12:38.] Others say that Micah was there, who had emerged from the layer of the building where he had been crushed in Egypt. (Sanh. 101b). In his hand was a plate upon which Moses had inscribed โ€œAscend, O ox; ascend, O ox,โ€ to [miraculously] bring up Josephโ€™s coffin from the Nile. They cast it [the plate] into the crucible, and the calf emerged. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 19] ย  ืขึตื’ึถืœ ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธื”.ย  ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึน ืœึธืื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึผืจ, ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืžึฐื›ึทืฉืึผึฐืคึตื™ ืขึตืจึถื‘ ืจึทื‘ ืฉืึถืขึธืœื•ึผ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถื ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึดื›ึฐืฉืึธืคึดื™ื; ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืžึดื™ื›ึธื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึธื, ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึธื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื“ึผึดืžึผื•ึนืกึตื™ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐืžึทืขึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืฉืึตื ื•ึฐื˜ึทืก ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชึทื‘ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึนืฉืึถื” "ืขึฒืœึตื” ืฉืื•ึนืจ" "ืขึฒืœึตื” ืฉืื•ึนืจ" ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืึฒืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื ึดื™ืœื•ึผืก โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึน ืœึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื):
molten.ย Heb. ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธื”, an expression related to ืžึทืชึผึถื›ึถืช, metal, [both derived from roots meaning to pour]. Another interpretation: One hundred and twenty-five centenaria of gold were in it, like the gematria of ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธื”. 40= ืž, 60= ืก, 20= ื›, 5= ื”, totaling 125] -[from Midrash Tanchuma 19] ย  ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธื”.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึทืชึผึถื›ึถืช; ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ ืงื›"ื” ืงึทื ึฐื˜ึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืžึทื˜ึฐืจึดื™ึผึธื ืฉืึถืœ ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธื” (ืฉื):
These are your gods.ย But it does not say, โ€œThese are our gods.โ€ -[from here [we learn] that the mixed multitude who had come up from Egypt were the ones who gathered against Aaron, and they were the ones who made it [the calf]. Afterwards, they caused the Israelites to stray after it. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 19] ย  ืึตืœึผึถื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ.ย  ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ืฉืึถืขึตืจึถื‘ ืจึทื‘ ืฉืึถืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื”ึตื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืงึฐื”ึฒืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืฉืึถืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืื•ึผื”ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึดื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• (ืฉื):
5When Aaron saw [this], he built an altar in front of it, and Aaron proclaimed and said: "Tomorrow shall be a festival to the Lord." ย  ื”ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฃืจึฐื ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ”ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดึฅื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตึ–ื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึ‘ื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธึคื ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนืŸึ™ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทึ”ืจ ื—ึทึฅื’ ืœึทึฝื™ื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืžึธื—ึธึฝืจ:
When Aaron saw.ย that it was alive, as it is said: โ€œfor the likeness of an ox eating grassโ€ (Ps. 106:20), and he saw that Satanโ€™s work had succeeded, and he had no words to stall them completely [i.e., to keep the Israelites from worshipping the calf, so then] ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนืŸ.ย  ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ื•ึน ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื‘ึฐื ึดื™ืช ืฉืื•ึนืจ ืึนื›ึตืœ ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง"ื•), ื•ึฐืจึธืึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืฉื‚ึธื˜ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน ืคึผึถื” ืœึดื“ึฐื—ื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™:
he built an altar.ย to stall them. ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท.ย  ืœึดื“ึฐื—ื•ึนืชึธื:
and said: โ€œTomorrow shall be a festival to the Lord.โ€.ย But [it will] not [be] today. Perhaps Moses would come before they would worship it. This is its simple meaning. Its midrashic meaning in Leviticus Rabbah (10:3) is [as follows]: Aaron saw many things. He saw his sisterโ€™s son Hur, who had reproved them [the Israelites], and they assassinated him. That is [the meaning of] ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ, [an expression of ื‘ึผึดื™ื ึธื”, understanding]. ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื— ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• [should be understood as if it were written] ื•ึทื™ึดื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึผึธึธื‘ื•ึผื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•, [meaning] he understood from the slaughtered one in front of him. Moreover, he saw [the situation] and said, โ€œBetter I should be blamed and not they.โ€ He also โ€œsawโ€ another thing and said, โ€œIf they build the altar [themselves], one will bring pebbles and [another] one will bring a stone. Thus, their work will be done all at once. Since I will build it, and I will neglect my work, in the meantime Moses will arrive.โ€ ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ื—ึทื’ ืœื”' ืžึธื—ึธึฝืจ.ย  ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืงึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผื”ื•ึผ, ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืคึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื˜ื•ึน; ื•ึผืžึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืื•ึน, ื‘ึผึฐื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึธื”, ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืจึธืึธื” ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ โ€“ ืจึธืึธื” ื—ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึฒื—ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึธื ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึผื”ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• โ€“ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึผึธื‘ื•ึผื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• โ€“ ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“ ืจึธืึธื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืžื•ึผื˜ึธื‘ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึผึธืœึถื” ื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทืกึผึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึธื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“ ืจึธืึธื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื ื”ึตื ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท, ื–ึถื” ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืฆึฐืจื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึตืืช ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผึธืŸ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึทืช ืึทื—ึทืช, ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ื•ึนื ึถื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึดืชึฐืขึทืฆึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผึดื™, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึธื:
a festival to the Lord.ย In his heart, he meant Heaven. He was confident that Moses would come, and they would worship the Omnipresent. -[from Lev. Rabbah 10:3] ย  ื—ึทื’ ืœื”'.ย  ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึทืฉืึผึธืžึทื™ึดื, ื‘ึผึธื˜ื•ึผื—ึท ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื:
6On the next day they arose early, offered up burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings, and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and they got up to make merry. ย  ื•ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึดึจื™ืžื•ึผึ™ ืžึดืžึผึธึฝื—ึณืจึธึ”ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืœึฃื•ึผ ืขึนืœึนึ”ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึทื’ึผึดึ–ืฉืื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึตึคืฉืึถื‘ ื”ึธืขึธืึ™ ืœึถึฝืึฑื›ึฃึนืœ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืชึ”ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงึปึ–ืžื•ึผ ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึตึฝืง:
they arose early.ย Satan roused them so that they would sin. ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึดื™ืžื•ึผ.ย  ื”ึทืฉื‚ึผึธื˜ึธืŸ ื–ึตืจึฐื–ึธื, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ:
to make merry.ย Heb. ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึตืง. In this word, there is [also] a connotation of sexual immorality, as it is said: โ€œto mock (ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึถืง) meโ€ (Gen. 39:17), and bloodshed, as it is said: โ€œLet the boys get up now and play (ื•ึดื™ืฉื‚ึทื—ึดืงื•ึผ) before usโ€ (II Sam. 2:14). Here too, Hur was slain. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 20] ย  ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึตึฝืง.ย  ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผื™ ืขึฒืจึธื™ื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึถ' ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึถืง ื‘ึผึดื™ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ"ื˜), ื•ึผืฉืึฐืคึดื™ื›ื•ึผืช ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึถ' ื™ึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ื ึธื ื”ึทื ึผึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึดื™ืฉื‚ึทื—ึฒืงื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘'), ืึทืฃ ื›ึผึธืืŸ ื ึถื”ึฑืจึทื’ ื—ื•ึผืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื”):
7And the Lord said to Moses: "Go, descend, for your people that you have brought up from the land of Egypt have acted corruptly. ย  ื–ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตึฅืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืึถืœึพืžืฉืึถึ‘ื” ืœึถืšึฐึพืจึตึ•ื“ ื›ึผึดึšื™ ืฉืึดื—ึตึฃืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธึ” ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึตึ–ื™ืชึธ ืžึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดื:
Andโ€ฆsaid.ย Heb. ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ. [This is] an expression of harshness, like โ€œand he spoke (ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ) to them harshlyโ€ (Gen. 42:7). ย  ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืงึนืฉืึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึดืชึผึธื ืงึธืฉืื•ึนืช (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž"ื‘):
Go, descend.ย Descend from your high position. I gave you this high position only for their sake (Ber. 32a). At that time, Moses was banished by a decree of the heavenly tribunal (Midrash Tanchuma 22, Exod. Rabbah 42:3). ย  ืœึถืšึฐึพืจึตื“.ย  ืžึดื’ึผึฐื“ึปืœึผึธืชึฐืšึธ โ€“ ืœึนื ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื’ึผึฐื“ึปืœึผึธื” ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœึธื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ"ื‘), ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึธืขึธื” ื ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึธื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึทืขึฐืœึธื” (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื):
your peopleโ€ฆhave acted corruptly.ย Heb. ืฉืึดื—ึตืช ืขึทืžึฐืšึธ. It does not say, โ€œThe people have acted corruptly,โ€ but โ€œyour people.โ€ Those are the mixed multitude whom you accepted on your own initiative, and whom you converted without consulting Me. You said, โ€œIt is good that converts cleave to the Shechinah.โ€ They have acted corruptly and have corrupted [others]. -[from Exod. Rabbah 42:6] ย  ืฉืึดื—ึตืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ.ย  ืฉืึดื—ึตืช ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ, ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ โ€“ ืขึตืจึถื‘ ืจึทื‘ ืฉืึถืงึผึดื‘ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืžึตืขึทืฆึฐืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื’ึดื™ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึดื™, ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึผ ื’ึตืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉืึผึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธื” โ€“ ื”ึตื ืฉืึดื—ึฒืชื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืชื•ึผ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื”):
8They have quickly turned away from the path that I have commanded them; they have made themselves a molten calf! And they have prostrated themselves before it, slaughtered sacrifices to it, and said: 'These are your gods, O Israel, who have brought you up from the land of Egypt.' " ย  ื—ืกึธึฃืจื•ึผ ืžึทื”ึตึ—ืจ ืžึดืŸึพื”ึทื“ึผึถึจืจึถืšึฐึ™ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดึ”ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึฃื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถึ”ื ืขึตึ–ื’ึถืœ ืžึทืกึผึตื›ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทึฝื—ึฒื•ื•ึผึพืœื•ึนึ™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผึพืœึ”ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึฐืจึ”ื•ึผ ืึตึคืœึผึถื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถึจื™ืšึธึ™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึ–ื•ึผืšึธ ืžึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดื:
9And the Lord said to Moses: "I have seen this people and behold! they are a stiff necked people. ย  ื˜ื•ึทื™ึผึฅึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืึถืœึพืžืฉืึถึ‘ื” ืจึธืึดึจื™ืชึดื™ึ™ ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธึฃื ื”ึทื–ึผึถึ”ื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตึฅื” ืขึทืึพืงึฐืฉืึตื”ึพืขึ–ึนืจึถืฃ ื”ึฝื•ึผื:
stiff-necked.ย Heb. ืงึฐืฉืึตื”-ืขึนืจึถืฃ. [This is a description of stubbornness, meaning] they turned the hardness of the backs of their necks toward those who reproved them, and they refused to listen. ย  ืงึฐืฉืึตื”ึพืขึนืจึถืฃ.ย  ืžึทื—ึฒื–ึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ืงึฐืฉืึดื™ ืขึธืจึฐืคึผึธื ืœึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ืžื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผืžึฐืžึธืึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืขึท:
10Now leave Me alone, and My anger will be kindled against them so that I will annihilate them, and I will make you into a great nation." ย  ื™ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื”ึ™ ื”ึทื ึผึดึฃื™ื—ึธื” ืœึผึดึ”ื™ ื•ึฐื™ึดึฝื—ึทืจึพืึทืคึผึดึฅื™ ื‘ึธื”ึถึ–ื ื•ึทึฝืึฒื›ึทืœึผึตึ‘ื ื•ึฐืึถึฝืขึฑืฉื‚ึถึฅื” ืึฝื•ึนืชึฐืšึธึ– ืœึฐื’ึฅื•ึนื™ ื’ึผึธื“ึฝื•ึนืœ:
leave Me alone.ย [It is unclear why God is saying this-which implies that Moses has made a demand-since] we have not yet heard that Moses prayed for them, and yet He [God] said, โ€œLeave Me aloneโ€ ? But here, He opened a door for him and informed him that the matter [indeed] depended upon him [Moses], that if he [Moses] would pray for them, He [God] would not destroy them. [Therefore, God implores Moses to leave Him alone so that He can destroy Israel.] -[from Exod. Rabbah 42:9] ย  ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื” ืœึผึดื™.ย  ืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื” ืœึผึดื™? ืึถืœึผึธื ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืคึผึธืชึทื— ืœื•ึน ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืชึผึธืœื•ึผื™ ื‘ึผื•ึน โ€“ ืฉืึถืึดื ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ื™ึฐื›ึทืœึผึตื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ"ื‘):
11Moses pleaded before the Lord, his God, and said: "Why, O Lord, should Your anger be kindled against Your people whom You have brought up from the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand? ย  ื™ืื•ึทื™ึฐื—ึทึฃืœ ืžืฉืึถึ”ื” ืึถืชึพืคึผึฐื ึตึ–ื™ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึฃื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึธึ‘ื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึนึ—ืืžึถืจ ืœึธืžึธึคื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ื™ึถึฝื—ึฑืจึถึคื” ืึทืคึผึฐืšึธึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึถึ”ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตึจืืชึธึ™ ืžึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึฅึนื—ึท ื’ึผึธื“ึ–ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธึฅื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธึฝื”:
Why, O Lord, should Your anger be kindled.ย Is anyone jealous of another, except a wise man of a wise man, or a strong man of a strong man? -[from Exod. Rabbah 43:6] ย  ืœึธืžึธื” ื”' ื™ึถึฝื—ึฑืจึถื” ืึทืคึผึฐืšึธ.ย  ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ืžึดืชึฐืงึทื ึผึตื ืึถืœึผึธื ื—ึธื›ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื›ึธื, ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ:
12Why should the Egyptians say: 'He brought them out with evil [intent] to kill them in the mountains and to annihilate them from upon the face of the earth'? Retreat from the heat of Your anger and reconsider the evil [intended] for Your people. ย  ื™ื‘ืœึธึฉืžึผึธื”ึฉ ื™ึฝึนืืžึฐืจึจื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึœื™ึดื ืœึตืืžึนึ—ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืขึธึคื” ื”ึฝื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธืึ™ ืœึทึฝื”ึฒืจึคึนื’ ืึนืชึธืึ™ ื‘ึผึถึฝื”ึธืจึดึ”ื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึทึจืœึผึนืชึธึ”ื ืžึตืขึทึ–ืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื”ึธึฝืึฒื“ึธืžึธึ‘ื” ืฉืึšื•ึผื‘ ืžึตึฝื—ึฒืจึฃื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผึถึ”ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึธื—ึตึฅื ืขึทืœึพื”ึธึฝืจึธืขึธึ–ื” ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึถึฝืšึธ:
and reconsider.ย Heb. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื, [i.e.,] formulate another thought to do good to them. ย  ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื.ย  ื”ึดืชึฐืขึทืฉืึผึตืช ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ึธื” ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช โ€“ ืœึฐื”ึตื™ื˜ึดื™ื‘ ืœึธื”ึถื
the evil.ย that You thought for them. ย  ืขึทืœึพื”ึธึฝืจึธืขึธื”.ย  ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื:
13Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Your servants, to whom You swore by Your very Self, and to whom You said: 'I will multiply your seed like the stars of the heavens, and all this land which I said that I would give to your seed, they shall keep it as their possession forever.' " ย  ื™ื’ื–ึฐื›ึนึกืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธืึฉ ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธึจืง ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึœืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถึ—ื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทึฃืขึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถืึ˜ ื‘ึผึธืšึฐึ’ ื•ึทืชึผึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตึฃืจ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถึ”ื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”ึ™ ืึถืชึพื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒื›ึถึ”ื ื›ึผึฐื›ึฝื•ึนื›ึฐื‘ึตึ–ื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธึ‘ื™ึดื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึจืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึผึนึœืืช ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึธืžึทึ—ืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึผึตืŸึ™ ืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒื›ึถึ”ื ื•ึฐื ึธึฝื—ึฒืœึ–ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธึฝื:
Remember Abraham.ย If [You argue that] they have transgressed the Ten Commandments, [let me remind You that] their [fore]father Abraham was tested with ten tests and has not yet received his reward. Give this [reward] to him [Abraham] so that the ten will cancel out the ten. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 24, Exod. Rabbah 44:4] ย  ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื.ย  ืึดื ืขึธื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช, ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ึถื ื ึดืชึฐื ึทืกึผึธื” ื‘ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื ึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ื•ึทืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึนื ืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึธืจื•ึน, ืชึผึฐื ึตื”ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื‘ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื):
Abraham, Isaac, and Israel.ย If they are condemned to be burnt [in a fire], remember Abraham, who gave himself over to be burned for Your sake in Ur of the Chaldees; if they are condemned to be killed by the sword, remember Isaac, who stretched out his neck when he was bound; if they are condemned to exile, remember Jacob, who was exiled to Haran (Midrash Tanchuma 24, Exod. Rabbah 44:5). If they [the children of Israel] will not be saved in their [the Patriarchsโ€™] merit, why do You say to me, โ€œand I will make you into a great nationโ€ ? If a chair with three legs cannot stand up before You when You are angry, how much less will a chair with one leg (Ber. 32a) ? ย  ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.ย  ืึดื ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึตืคึธื” ื”ึตื, ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืฉืึถืžึผึธืกึทืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึดืฉื‚ึผึธืจึตืฃ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึทืฉื‚ึฐื“ึดื™ื, ืึดื ืœึทื”ึฒืจึดื™ื’ึธื”, ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืฉืึถืคึผึธืฉืึทื˜ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจื•ึน ืœึทืขึฒืงึตื“ึธื”, ืึดื ืœึฐื’ึธืœื•ึผืช, ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืฉืึถื’ึผึธืœึธื” ืœึฐื—ึธืจึธืŸ, ื•ึฐืึดื ืึตื™ื ึธืŸ ื ึดืฆึผื•ึนืœึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธืŸ, ืžึธื” ืึทืชึผึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืขึฑืฉึถื” ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ? ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ืฉืึถืœ ื’' ืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ึดื ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ื›ึผึทืขึทืกึฐืšึธ, ืงึทืœ ื•ึธื—ึนืžึถืจ ืœึฐื›ึดืกึผึตื ืฉืึถืœ ืจึถื’ึถืœ ืึทื—ึทืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ"ื‘):
to whom You swore by Your very Self.ย You did not swear to them by something finite-not by the heavens and not by the earth, not by the mountains and not by the hills, but by Your very Self [You swore], for You exist, and Your oath exists forever, as it was said [to Abraham]: โ€œBy Myself I have sworn, says the Lordโ€ (Gen. 22:16). To Isaac was said: โ€œand I will establish the oath that I swore to Abraham, your fatherโ€ (Gen. 26:3). To Jacob was said: โ€œI am the Almighty God; be fruitful and multiplyโ€ (Gen. 35:11). Here He swore to him [Jacob] by the [Name] Almighty God. -[from Ber. 32a, Midrash Tanchuma 24, Exod. Rabbah 44:10] ย  ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ.ย  ืœึนื ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึธืœึถื” โ€“ ืœึนื ื‘ึทืฉืึผึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช โ€“ ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึฐืšึธ, ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึธื” ืงึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึผืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธืชึฐืšึธ ืงึทื™ึผึถืžึถืช ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถ' ื‘ึผึดื™ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื‘), ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉืึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ (ืฉื), ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึตืœ ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™ ืคึผึฐืจึตื” ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ึตื” (ืฉื ืœ"ื”) โ€“ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืึตืœ ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™:
14The Lord [then] reconsidered the evil He had said He would do to His people. ย  ื™ื“ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธึ–ื—ึถื ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ‘ื” ืขึทืœึพื”ึธึฃืจึธืขึธึ”ื” ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถึ–ืจ ืœึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึฅื•ึนืช ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึฝื•ึน:
15Now Moses turned and went down from the mountain [bearing] the two tablets of the testimony in his hand, tablets inscribed from both their sides; on one side and on the other side they were inscribed. ย  ื˜ื•ื•ึทื™ึผึดึœืคึถืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตึคืจึถื“ ืžืฉืึถื”ึ™ ืžึดืŸึพื”ึธื”ึธึ”ืจ ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึตึ›ื™ ืœึปื—ึฅึนืช ื”ึธึฝืขึตื“ึปึ–ืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึ‘ื•ึน ืœึปื—ึนึ—ืช ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึดื™ืึ™ ืžึดืฉึผืึฐื ึตึฃื™ ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถึ”ื ืžึดื–ึผึถึฅื” ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถึ–ื” ื”ึตึฅื ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึดึฝื™ื:
from both their sides.ย the letters could be read. This was a miraculous phenomenon. -[from Shab. 104a, Meg. 2b] ย  ืžึดืฉึผืึฐื ึตื™ ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถื.ย  ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื”ึธืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื ึดืงึฐืจึธืื•ึนืช, ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื ึดืกึผึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื (ืฉื‘ืช ืง"ื“):
16Now the tablets were God's work, and the inscription was God's inscription, engraved on the tablets. ย  ื˜ื–ื•ึฐื”ึทึจืœึผึปื—ึนึ”ืช ืžึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึตึฅื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ื”ึตึ‘ืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึดื›ึฐืชึผึธึ—ื‘ ืžึดื›ึฐืชึผึทึคื‘ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืึ™ ื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื—ึธืจึ–ื•ึผืช ืขึทืœึพื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึฝึนืช:
were Godโ€™s work.ย This is to be interpreted according to its apparent meaning, [i.e.,] that He personally made them. Another interpretation: Like a person who says to his friend, โ€œAll so-and-soโ€™s activities are in such-and-such [a kind of] work.โ€ So too, all the delight of the Holy One, blessed is He, is with the Torah. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 16] ย  ืžึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึตืžึผึธื”.ย  ื›ึผึฐืžึทืฉืึฐืžึธืขื•ึน โ€“ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืึธืŸ; ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื›ึผึฐืึธื“ึธื ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒืกึธืงึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืคึผึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืคึผึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ืช, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึทืขึฒืฉืื•ึผืขึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”:
engraved.ย Heb. ื—ึธืจื•ึผืช. The terms ื—ึธืจึนืช and ื—ึธืจึนื˜ are one [and the same]. Both are an expression of engraving, entalyer in Old French, [entailler in modern French, meaning] to engrave. ย  ื—ึธืจื•ึผืช.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื—ืจืช ื•ื—ืจื˜ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ื•ึผื, ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื—ึดืงึผื•ึผืง, ืื ื˜ืœื™"ื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืœึทืขึทื–:
17When Joshua heard the voice of the people in their shouting, he said to Moses: "There is a voice of battle in the camp!" ย  ื™ื–ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทึงืข ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปึ›ืขึท ืึถืชึพืงึฅื•ึนืœ ื”ึธืขึธึ–ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืขึ‘ึนื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนึจืืžึถืจึ™ ืึถืœึพืžืฉืึถึ”ื” ืงึฅื•ึนืœ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทึฝื—ึฒื ึถึฝื”:
in their shouting.ย Heb. ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืขึนื”, in their shouting, for they were shouting, rejoicing, and laughing.[The Israelites were so loud that they could be heard even from a distance.] ย  ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืขึนื”.ย  ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒืจึดื™ืขื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืจึดื™ืขึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึตื—ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฆื•ึนื—ึฒืงึดื™ื:
18But [Moses] said: "[It is] neither a voice shouting victory, nor a voice shouting defeat; a voice of blasphemy I hear." ย  ื™ื—ื•ึทื™ึผึนึ—ืืžึถืจ ืึตึฅื™ืŸ ืงื•ึนืœึ™ ืขึฒื ึฃื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐืึตึฅื™ืŸ ืงึ–ื•ึนืœ ืขึฒื ึฃื•ึนืช ื—ึฒืœื•ึผืฉืึธึ‘ื” ืงึฃื•ึนืœ ืขึทื ึผึ”ื•ึนืช ืึธึฝื ึนื›ึดึ–ื™ ืฉืึนืžึตึฝืขึท:
[It is] neither a voice shouting victory.ย This voice does not appear to be a voice of the shouting of heroes crying โ€œVictory!โ€ or the voice of weak [soldiers] crying โ€œWoe!โ€ or โ€œFlee!โ€ ย  ืึตื™ืŸ ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึฒื ื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”.ย  ืึตื™ืŸ ืงื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึทืช ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึนืขึฒืงึดื™ื "ื ึดืฆึผึธื—ื•ึนืŸ" ื•ึฐืœึนื ืงื•ึนืœ ื—ึทืœึผึธืฉืึดื™ื ืฉืึถืฆึผื•ึนืขึฒืงึดื™ื "ื•ึทื™ ืึธื ื•ึผืกึธื”":
a voice of blasphemy.ย Heb. ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึธื ึผื•ึนืช. A voice of blasphemy and reviling, which distresses (ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื ึดื™ืŸ) the soul of the one who hears them when they are said to him. ย  ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึฒื ื•ึนืช.ย  ืงื•ึนืœ ื—ึตืจื•ึผืคึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื’ึดื“ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ืŸ, ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื ึผึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืขึธืŸ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึธืจึดื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน:
19Now it came to pass when he drew closer to the camp and saw the calf and the dances, that Moses' anger was kindled, and he flung the tablets from his hands, shattering them at the foot of the mountain. ย  ื™ื˜ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ—ื™ ื›ึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ืงึธืจึทื‘ึ™ ืึถืœึพื”ึทืžึผึทึฝื—ึฒื ึถึ”ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฅืจึฐื ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึตึ–ื’ึถืœ ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึนืœึนึ‘ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดึฝื—ึทืจึพืึทึฃืฃ ืžืฉืึถึ—ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึตึคืšึฐ ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึธื•ึ™ ืึถืชึพื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึนึ”ืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตึฅืจ ืึนืชึธึ–ื ืชึผึทึฅื—ึทืช ื”ึธื”ึธึฝืจ:
and he flungโ€ฆ from his hands.ย He said [to himself]: If [in regard to] the Passover sacrifice, which is [merely] one of the commandments, the Torah said: โ€œNo estranged one may partake of itโ€ (Exod. 12:43), [now that] the entire Torah is here [i.e., the Ten Commandments includes the whole Torah], and all the Israelites are apostates, shall I give it to them? -[from Shab. 87a] ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึธื• ื•ื’ื•'.ย  ืึธืžึทืจ: ืžึทื” ืคึผึถืกึทื— ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื ึตื›ึธืจ ืœึนื ื™ึนืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึผื•ึน (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื‘), ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึฐืฉืึปืžึผึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืชึผึฐื ึถื ึผึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื? (ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื–):
at the foot of the mountain.ย Heb. ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธื”ึธืจ, lit., under the mountain, [meaning:] at the foot of the mountain. ย  ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธื”ึธึฝืจ.ย  ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ:
20Then he took the calf they had made, burned it in fire, ground it to fine powder, scattered [it] upon the surface of the water, and gave [it to] the children of Israel to drink. ย  ื›ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทึžื— ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึตึจื’ึถืœ ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผึ™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึฃึนืฃ ื‘ึผึธืึตึ”ืฉื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื˜ึฐื—ึทึ–ืŸ ืขึทึฃื“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพื“ึผึธึ‘ืง ื•ึทื™ึผึดึจื–ึถืจึ™ ืขึทืœึพืคึผึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื”ึทืžึผึทึ”ื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึทึ–ืฉืึฐืง ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœ:
scattered.ย Heb. ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึถืจ, an expression of scattering. Similarly, โ€œBrimstone shall be scattered (ื™ึฐื–ึนืจึถื”) on his dwellingโ€ (Job 18:15), and similarly, โ€œFor the net is scattered (ืžึฐื–ึนืจึธื”) without causeโ€ (Prov. 1:17), for they scatter corn and beans on it [the net]. ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึถืจ.ย  ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื ึดืคึผื•ึผืฅ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื™ึฐื–ึนืจึถื” ืขึทืœ ื ึธื•ึตื”ื•ึผ ื’ึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื—), ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึดื ึผึธื ืžึฐื–ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืจึธืฉืึถืช (ืžืฉืœื™ ื'), ืฉืึถื–ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื“ึผึธื’ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืงึดื˜ึฐื ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช:
and gave [it to] the children of Israel to drink.ย He intended to test them like women suspected of adultery [are tested, as prescribed in Num. 5:11-31] (A.Z. 44a). Three [different] death penalties were meted out there: (1) If there were witnesses [to the worship] and warning [had been issued to the sinners, they were punished] by the sword, according to the law (Deut. 13:13-18) that applies to the people of a city that has been led astray who are many [people involved]. (2) [Those who practiced idolatry with] witnesses but without warning [died] from a plague, as it is said: โ€œThen the Lord struck the people with a plagueโ€ (verse 35). (3) [Those who practiced idolatry both] without witnesses and without warning [died] from dropsy, for the water tested them and their stomachs swelled up (Yoma 66b). ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืง ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœ.ย  ื ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื•ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐื‘ึธื“ึฐืงึธืŸ ื›ึผึฐืกื•ึนื˜ื•ึนืช; ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืžึดื™ืชื•ึนืช ื ึดื“ึผื•ึนื ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื, ืึดื ื™ึตืฉื ืขึตื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึฐืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืกึทื™ึดืฃ โ€“ ื›ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื ึผึดื“ึผึทื—ึทืช ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืžึฐืจึปื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ โ€“ ืขึตื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ื”ึทืชึฐืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื’ึผึตืคึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื, ืœึนื ืขึตื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึทืชึฐืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดื“ึฐืจื•ึนืงึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื“ึธืงื•ึผื ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฆึธื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื (ื™ื•ืžื ืก"ื•):
21Moses said to Aaron: "What did this people do to you that you brought [such] a grave sin upon them?" ย  ื›ืื•ึทื™ึผึคึนืืžึถืจ ืžืฉืึถื”ึ™ ืึถืœึพืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ”ืŸ ืžึถึฝื”ึพืขึธืฉื‚ึธึฅื” ืœึฐืšึธึ– ื”ึธืขึธึฃื ื”ึทื–ึผึถึ‘ื” ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื”ึตื‘ึตึฅืืชึธ ืขึธืœึธึ–ื™ื• ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธึฅื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธึฝื”:
What did this people do to you.ย How many tortures did you [Aaron] endure, that they tortured you until you brought this sin upon them? ย  ืžึถึฝื”ึพืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ื”ึธืขึธื.ย  ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืกึธื‘ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืกึผึฐืจื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื–ึถื”:
22Aaron replied: "Let not my lord's anger grow hot! You know the people, that they are disposed toward evil. ย  ื›ื‘ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึถืจ ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ”ืŸ ืึทืœึพื™ึดึฅื—ึทืจ ืึทึ–ืฃ ืึฒื“ึนื ึดึ‘ื™ ืึทืชึผึธื”ึ™ ื™ึธื“ึทึฃืขึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธึ”ื ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ื‘ึฐืจึธึ–ืข ื”ึฝื•ึผื:
that they are disposed toward evil.ย They are always going in a bad direction and testing the Omnipresent. ย  ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐืจึธืข ื”ึฝื•ึผื.ย  ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืจึทืข ื”ึตื ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื:
23They said to me, 'Make us gods who will go before us, because this man Moses, who brought us up from the land of Egypt we do not know what has become of him.' ย  ื›ื’ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึดึ”ื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื”ึพืœึธึฃื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ”ื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื™ึตึฝืœึฐื›ึ–ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึตึ‘ื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ึพื–ึถึฃื”ย | ืžืฉืึถึฃื” ื”ึธืึดึ—ื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื”ึถึฝืขึฑืœึธึจื ื•ึผึ™ ืžึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ืœึนึฅื ื™ึธื“ึทึ–ืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื”ึพื”ึธึฅื™ึธื” ืœึฝื•ึน:
24I said to them, 'Who has gold?' So they took it [the gold] off and gave it to me; I threw it into the fire and out came this calf." ย  ื›ื“ื•ึธึฝืึนืžึทึคืจ ืœึธื”ึถืึ™ ืœึฐืžึดึฃื™ ื–ึธื”ึธึ”ื‘ ื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึธึ–ืงื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผึพืœึดึ‘ื™ ื•ึธึฝืึทืฉืึฐืœึดื›ึตึฃื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึตึ”ืฉื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึตึ–ื ื”ึธืขึตึฅื’ึถืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถึฝื”:
I said to them.ย one word only: โ€œWho has gold?โ€ [and not โ€œgive me your goldโ€], but they hurried and stripped themselves and gave it to me. ย  ื•ึธึฝืึนืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื.ย  ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึถื—ึธื“ โ€“ "ืœึฐืžึดื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘" ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืžึดื”ึฒืจื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดื™:
I threw it into the fire.ย I did not know that this calf would come out, but out it came. ย  ื•ึธึฝืึทืฉืึฐืœึดื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึตืฉื.ย  ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฆึตื ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื:
25And Moses saw the people, that they were exposed, for Aaron had exposed them to be disgraced before their adversaries. ย  ื›ื”ื•ึทื™ึผึทึคืจึฐื ืžืฉืึถื”ึ™ ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธึ”ื ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ืคึธืจึปึ–ืขึท ื”ึ‘ื•ึผื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืคึฐืจึธืขึฃึนื” ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึนึ”ืŸ ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืฆึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึธึฝืžึตื™ื”ึถึฝื:
exposed.ย Heb. ืคึธืจึปืขึท, uncovered. Their shame and disgrace was revealed, as in โ€œand he shall uncover (ื•ึผืคึธืจึทืข) the womanโ€™s headโ€ (Num. 5:18). ย  ืคึธืจึปืขึท.ย  ืžึฐื’ึปืœึผึถื”; ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึธื” ืฉืึดืžึฐืฆื•ึน ื•ึผืงึฐืœื•ึนื ื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึผืคึธืจึทืข ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึธืึดืฉืึผึธื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”'):
to be disgraced before their adversaries.ย Heb. ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืฆึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึธืžึตื™ื”ึถื, that this thing should be a disgrace for them in the mouths of all who rise up against them. ย  ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืฆึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึธึฝืžึตื™ื”ึถึฝื.ย  ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึดื’ึฐื ื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธืžึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื:
26So Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: "Whoever is for the Lord, [let him come] to me!" And all the sons of Levi gathered around him. ย  ื›ื•ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืžึคึนื“ ืžืฉืึถื”ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทึฃืขึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผึทึฝื—ึฒื ึถึ”ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนึ•ืืžึถืจ ืžึดึฅื™ ืœึทึฝื™ื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืึตืœึธึ‘ื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืึธึฝืกึฐืคึฅื•ึผ ืึตืœึธึ–ื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ืœึตื•ึดึฝื™:
โ€œWhoever is for the Lordโ€ฆ to me!โ€.ย Let him come to me. ย  ืžึดื™ ืœื”' ืึตืœึธื™.ย  ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืึตืœึทื™:
all the sons of Levi.ย From here [we learn] that the entire tribe was righteous. -[from Yoma 66b] ย  ื›ึผึธืœึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืœึตื•ึดึฝื™.ย  ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉืึผึตื‘ึถื˜ ื›ึผึธืฉืึตืจ (ื™ื•ืžื ืก"ื•):
27He said to them: "So said the Lord, the God of Israel: 'Let every man place his sword upon his thigh and pass back and forth from one gate to the other in the camp, and let every man kill his brother, every man his friend, every man his kinsman.' " ย  ื›ื–ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึถืจ ืœึธื”ึถึ—ื ื›ึผึฝึนื”ึพืึธืžึทึคืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”ึ™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตึฃื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ”ืœ ืฉื‚ึดึฅื™ืžื•ึผ ืึดึฝื™ืฉืึพื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึ–ื•ึน ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐืจึตื›ึ‘ื•ึน ืขึดื‘ึฐืจึจื•ึผ ื•ึธืฉืึœื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืžึดืฉึผืึทึคืขึทืจ ืœึธืฉืึทึจืขึทืจึ™ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทึฝื—ึฒื ึถึ”ื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื’ึงื•ึผ ืึดึฝื™ืฉืึพืึถืชึพืึธื—ึดึ›ื™ื• ื•ึฐืึดึฅื™ืฉื ืึถืชึพืจึตืขึตึ–ื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึดึฅื™ืฉื ืึถืชึพืงึฐืจึนื‘ึฝื•ึน:
So said the Lord, the God of Israel.ย Now, where did He say [this]? โ€œHe who slaughters [a sacrifice] to the gods shall be destroyedโ€ (Exod. 22:19). So it was taught in the Mechilta. ย  ื›ึผึฝึนื”ึพืึธืžึทืจ ื•ื’ื•'.ย  ื•ึฐื”ึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ืึธืžึทืจ? ื–ึนื‘ึตื—ึท ืœึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึธื—ึณืจึธื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื‘) โ€“ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืึฐื ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื›ึดื™ืœึฐืชึผึธื:
his brother.ย [i.e.,] from his mother, who was an [ordinary] Israelite [and not a Levite]. -[from Yoma 66b] ย  ืึธื—ึดื™ื•.ย  ืžึตืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ (ื™ื•ืžื ืก"ื•):
28The sons of Levi did according to Moses' word; on that day some three thousand men fell from among the people. ย  ื›ื—ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึฅื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตึฝื™ึพืœึตื•ึดึ–ื™ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทึฃืจ ืžืฉืึถึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึผึคึนืœ ืžึดืŸึพื”ึธืขึธืึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึฅืฉืึถืช ืึทืœึฐืคึตึ–ื™ ืึดึฝื™ืฉื:
29And Moses said: "Initiate yourselves today for the Lord for each man with his son and with his brother so that He may bestow a blessing upon you this day. " ย  ื›ื˜ื•ึทื™ึผึฃึนืืžึถืจ ืžืฉืึถึ—ื” ืžึดืœึฐืึจื•ึผ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถึคื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืึ™ ืœึทึฝื™ื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ื›ึผึดึ›ื™ ืึดึฅื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึ–ื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธื—ึดึ‘ื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึธืชึตึงืช ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถึ›ื ื”ึทื™ึผึ–ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธึฝื”:
Initiate yourselves.ย You who kill them, with this thing [act] you will initiate yourselves to be servants [i.e., kohanim] of the Omnipresent. ย  ืžึดืœึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื.ย  ืึทืชึผึถื ื”ึทื”ื•ึนืจึฐื’ึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื โ€“ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ื–ึถื” ืชึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื:
for each man.ย Among you will initiate himself through his son and through his brother. ย  ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื™ืฉื.ย  ืžึดื›ึผึถื ื™ึฐืžึทืœึผึตื ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื‘ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืื—ื™ื•:
30It came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people: "You have committed a grave sin. And now I will go up to the Lord; perhaps I will obtain atonement for your sin." ย  ืœื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ึ™ ืžึดืžึผึธึฝื—ึณืจึธึ”ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึคึนืืžึถืจ ืžืฉืึถื”ึ™ ืึถืœึพื”ึธืขึธึ”ื ืึทืชึผึถึฅื ื—ึฒื˜ึธืืชึถึ–ื ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธึฃื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื”ึ™ ืึถึฝืขึฑืœึถึฃื” ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ”ื” ืื•ึผืœึทึฅื™ ืึฒื›ึทืคึผึฐืจึธึ–ื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึทึฅื“ ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืชึฐื›ึถึฝื:
I will obtain atonement for your sin.ย Heb. ืึดื›ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื“ ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืชึฐื›ึถื. [This means] I will place a cleansing, a wiping away, and a barrier opposite your sin to separate you from your sin. ย  ืึฒื›ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื“ ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืชึฐื›ึถึฝื.ย  ืึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื›ึผึนืคึถืจ ื•ึฐืงึดื ึผื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืกึฐืชึดื™ืžึธื” ืœึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืชึฐื›ึถื, ืœึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ึตื˜ึฐื:
31And Moses returned to the Lord and said: "Please! This people has committed a grave sin. They have made themselves a god of gold. ย  ืœืื•ึทื™ึผึธึงืฉืึธื‘ ืžืฉืึถึ›ื” ืึถืœึพื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทึ‘ืจ ืึธึฃื ึผึธึ—ื ื—ึธื˜ึธึžื ื”ึธืขึธึคื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”ึ™ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธึฃื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธึ”ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึฅื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถึ–ื ืึฑืœึนื”ึตึฅื™ ื–ึธื”ึธึฝื‘:
a god of gold.ย [Moses is saying to God:] It was You Who caused them [to sin], for You lavished upon them gold and whatever they desired. What should they have done so as not to sin? [This may be illustrated by] a parable of a king who gave his son to eat and drink, dressed him up, hung a coin purse on his neck, and stationed him at the entrance of a brothel. What can the son do so as not to sin? -[from Ber. 32a] ย  ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธึฝื‘.ย  ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื’ึผึธืจึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื, ืฉืึถื”ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึถืคึฐืฆึธื, ืžึทื” ื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ? ืžึธืฉืึธืœ ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึทืึฒื›ึดื™ืœ ื•ึผืžึทืฉืึฐืงึถื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึผืžึฐืงึทืฉืึผึฐื˜ื•ึน ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืœึถื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ืก ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจื•ึน ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืชึทื— ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืžึทื” ื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื:
32And now, if You forgive their sin But if not, erase me now from Your book, which You have written." ย  ืœื‘ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธึ–ื” ืึดืึพืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธึฃื ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธึ‘ื ื•ึฐืึดืึพืึทึ•ื™ึดืŸ ืžึฐื—ึตึฃื ึดื™ ื ึธึ”ื ืžึดืกึผึดืคึฐืจึฐืšึธึ– ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื›ึผึธืชึธึฝื‘ึฐืชึผึธ:
And now, if You forgive their sinโ€ฆ.ย good, I will not ask You to erase me, but if not, erase me. This is an elliptical verse, and there are many like it. ย  ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืึดืึพืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื.ย  ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ โ€“ ืึตื™ื ึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื—ึตื ึดื™, ื•ึฐืึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ ืžึฐื—ึตื ึดื™; ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึธืฆึธืจ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”:
from Your book.ย From the entire Torah, so that they will not say about me that I was unworthy to beg mercy for them [the Israelites]. ย  ืžึดืกึผึดืคึฐืจึฐืšึธ.ย  ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื”ึผ, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึธืœึทื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึฐื“ึทืื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื:
33And the Lord said to Moses: "Whoever has sinned against Me, him I will erase from My book!" ย  ืœื’ื•ึทื™ึผึฅึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืึถืœึพืžืฉืึถึ‘ื” ืžึดึšื™ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ื—ึธึฝื˜ึธืึพืœึดึ”ื™ ืึถืžึฐื—ึถึ–ื ึผื•ึผ ืžึดืกึผึดืคึฐืจึดึฝื™:
34And now go, lead the people to [the place] of which I have spoken to you. Behold My angel will go before you. But on the day I make an accounting [of sins upon them], I will bring their sin to account against them." ย  ืœื“ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธึžื” ืœึตึฃืšึฐย | ื ึฐื—ึตึฃื” ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธึ—ื ืึถึคืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทึจืจึฐืชึผึดื™ึ™ ืœึธึ”ืšึฐ ื”ึดื ึผึตึฅื” ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดึ–ื™ ื™ึตืœึตึฃืšึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถึ‘ื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึฃื•ึนื ืคึผึธืงึฐื“ึดึ”ื™ ื•ึผืคึธึฝืงึทื“ึฐืชึผึดึฅื™ ืขึฒืœึตื”ึถึ–ื ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธึฝื:
to [the place] of which I have spoken to you.ย Heb. ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ Here [we find] ืœึธืšึฐ [used] along with ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ, speech, instead of ืึตืœึถื™. Similarly [in the verse] โ€œto speak to him (ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึถืจ ืœื•ึน) for Adoniahuโ€ (I Kings 2:19). ย  ืึถืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ.ย  ื™ึตืฉื ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ืึตืฆึถืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึถืจ ืœื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื‘ืณ:ื™ืดื˜):
Behold My angel.ย But not I. ย  ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™.ย  ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึฒื ึดื™:
But on the day I make an accounting, etc..ย Now I have listened to you not to destroy them all at once, but always, always, when I take an accounting of their sins, I will also account a little of this sin with the other sins. [This means that] no punishment befalls Israel in which there is not part of the punishment for the sin of the [golden] calf. -[from Sanh. 102a] ย  ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืคึผึธืงึฐื“ึดื™ ื•ื’ื•'.ย  ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืœึผึฐื›ึทืœึผื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึทื—ึทื“, ื•ึฐืชึธืžึดื™ื“ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึถืคึฐืงึนื“ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึฒื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึถืขึธื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืขึดื ืฉืึฐืึธืจ ื”ึธืขึฒื•ึนื ื•ึนืช; ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึธืึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืงึฐืฆึธืช ืžึดืคึผึดืจึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืขึฒื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืง"ื‘):
35Then the Lord struck the people with a plague, because they had made the calf that Aaron had made. ย  ืœื”ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึฅึนืฃ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธึ–ื” ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธึ‘ื ืขึทึšืœ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึฃื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึตึ”ื’ึถืœ ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธึ–ื” ืึทึฝื”ึฒืจึฝึนืŸ:
Then the Lord struck the people with a plague.ย [This was] death by the hands of Heaven for [those who sinned in the presence of] witnesses without warning. -[from Yoma 66b. See commentary above on verse 20.] ย  ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื”' ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธื.ย  ืžึดื™ืชึธื” ื‘ึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืœึฐืขึตื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ื”ึทืชึฐืจึธืึธื”: