| 1The Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, |
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ืืึทืึผึคึนืืึถืจ ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืึถืึพืืฉืึถึฃื ืึฐืึถืึพืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึผึฐืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึตืืึฝึนืจ: |
| The Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron.ย Since Aaron had worked and toiled with miracles just like Moses, He accorded him this honor at the first commandment by including him with Moses in [His] speech. โ [from Tanchuma Buber, Bo 8; Mechilta] In early editions of Rashi, this paragraph is part of the above paragraph, the comment on 11:10. Indeed, that is how it appears in Tanchuma Buber. |
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ืึทืึผึนืืึถืจ ื' ืึถืึพืืฉืึถื ืึฐืึถืึพืึทึฝืึฒืจึนื.ย
ืึผึดืฉืึฐืึดืื ืฉืึถืึทืึฒืจึนื ืขึธืฉืึธื ืึฐืึธืจึทื ืึผึทืึผืึนืคึฐืชึดืื ืึผึฐืึนืฉืึถื, ืึธืึทืง ืืึน ืึผึธืืึนื ืึถื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืึธื ืจึดืืฉืืึนื ึธื, ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึธืืึน ืขึดื ืึนืฉืึถื ืึผึทืึผึดืึผืึผืจ:
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| in the land of Egypt.ย [I.e.,] outside the city. Or perhaps it means only within the city? Therefore, Scripture states: โWhen I leave the city, [I will spread my hands to the Lord]โ (Exod. 9:29). Now, if [even a] prayer, which is of minor importance, he [Moses] did not pray within the city, a divine communication, which is of major importance, how much more so [would God not deliver it to Moses within the city]? Indeed, why did He not speak with him within the city? Because it was full of idols. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื.ย
ืืึผืฅ ืึทืึผึฐืจึทืึฐ, ืืึน ืึตืื ืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึทืึผึฐืจึทืึฐ? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ (ืืขืื ื ืื) "ืึผึฐืฆึตืืชึดื ืึถืช ืึธืขึดืืจ ืึฐืืึน'", ืึผืึทื ืชึผึฐืคึดืึผึธื ืงึทืึผึธื ืึนื ืึดืชึฐืคึผึทืึผึตื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึทืึผึฐืจึทืึฐ, ืึผึดืึผืึผืจ ืึธืืึผืจ ืึนื ืึผึธื ืฉืึถืึผึตื. ืึผืึดืคึผึฐื ึตื ืึธื ืึนื ื ึดืึฐืึผึทืจ ืขึดืึผืึน ืึผึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึทืึผึฐืจึทืึฐ? ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืึธืึฐืชึธื ืึฐืึตืึธื ืึดืึผืึผืึดืื:
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| 2This month shall be to you the head of the months; to you it shall be the first of the months of the year. |
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ืืึทืึงึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึธืึถึื ืจึฃึนืืฉื ืึณืึธืฉืึดึืื ืจึดืืฉืึฅืึนื ืืึผืึ ืึธืึถึื ืึฐืึธืึฐืฉืึตึื ืึทืฉึผืึธื ึธึฝื: |
| This month.ย Heb. ืึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึถื, lit., this renewal. He [God] showed him [Moses] the moon in its renewal and said to him, โWhen the moon renews itself, you will have a new monthโ (Mechilta). Nevertheless, [despite this rendering,] a biblical verse does not lose its simple meaning (Shab. 63a). Concerning the month of Nissan, He said to him, โThis shall be the first of the order of the number of the months, so Iyar shall be called the second [month], and Sivan the third [month].โ |
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ืึทืึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถื.ย
ืึถืจึฐืึธืืึผ ืึฐืึธื ึธื ืึผึฐืึดืึผืึผืฉืึธืึผ ืึฐืึธืึทืจ ืืึน ืึผึฐืฉืึถืึทืึผึธืจึตืึท ืึดืชึฐืึทืึผึตืฉื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐืึธ ืจึนืืฉื ืึนืึถืฉื (ืืืืืชื). ืึฐืึตืื ืึดืงึฐืจึธื ืืึนืฆึตื ืึดืืึตื ืคึฐืฉืืึผืืึน, ืขึทื ืึนืึถืฉื ื ึดืืกึธื ืึธืึทืจ ืืึน, ืึถื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืจึนืืฉื ืึฐืกึตืึถืจ ืึดื ึฐืึทื ืึถืึณืึธืฉืึดืื, ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึตื ืึดืึผึธืจ ืงึธืจืึผื ืฉืึตื ึดื, ืกึดืืึธื ืฉืึฐืึดืืฉืึดื:
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| This.ย Moses found difficulty [determining] the [precise moment of the] renewal of the moon, in what size it should appear before it is fit for sanctification. So He showed him with His finger the moon in the sky and said to him, โYou must see a moon like this and sanctify [the month].โ Now how did He show it to him? Did He not speak to him only by day, as it says: โNow it came to pass on the day that the Lord spokeโ (Exod. 6:28); โon the day He commandedโ (Lev. 7:38); โfrom the day that the Lord commanded and onโ (Num. 15:23)? Rather, just before sunset, this chapter was said to him, and He showed him [the moon] when it became dark. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึทืึผึถื.ย
ื ึดืชึฐืงึทืฉืึผึธื ืึนืฉืึถื ืขึทื ืืึนืึทื ืึทืึผึฐืึธื ึธื, ืึผึฐืึตืืืึน ืฉืึดืขืึผืจ ืชึผึตืจึธืึถื ืึฐืชึดืึฐืึถื ืจึฐืืึผืึธื ืึฐืงึทืึผึตืฉื, ืึฐืึถืจึฐืึธื ืืึน ืึผึฐืึถืฆึฐืึผึทืข ืึถืช ืึทืึผึฐืึธื ึธื ืึผึธืจึธืงึดืืขึท ืึฐืึธืึทืจ ืืึน ืึผึธืึถื ืจึฐืึตื ืึฐืงึทืึผึตืฉื (ืฉื). ืึฐืึตืืฆึทื ืึถืจึฐืึธืืึผ? ืึทืึฒืึนื ืึนื ืึธืึธื ื ึดืึฐืึผึธืจ ืขึดืึผืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืึผึทืึผืึนื? ืฉืึถื ึผึถ' "ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึผึฐืืึนื ืึผึดืึผึถืจ ื'" (ืฉืืืช ื'), "ืึผึฐืืึนื ืฆึทืึผึนืชืึน" (ืืืงืจื ื'), "ืึดื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดืึผึธื ื' ืึธืึธืึฐืึธื" (ืืืืืจ ื"ื)? ืึถืึผึธื ืกึธืืึผืึฐ ืึดืฉืึฐืงึดืืขึทืช ืึทืึทืึผึธื ื ึถืึถืึฐืจึธื ืืึน ืคึธืจึธืฉืึธื ืืึน ืึฐืึถืจึฐืึธืืึผ ืขึดื ืึฒืฉืึตืึธื:
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| 3Speak to the entire community of Israel, saying, "On the tenth of this month, let each one take a lamb for each parental home, a lamb for each household. |
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ืืึผึทืึผึฐืจึืึผ ืึถืึพืึผึธืึพืขึฒืึทึคืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืึ ืึตืืึนึืจ ืึผึถึฝืขึธืฉืึืจ ืึทืึฃึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึฐืึดืงึฐืึฃืึผ ืึธืึถึื ืึดึืืฉื ืฉืึถึฅื ืึฐืึตึฝืืชึพืึธืึึนืช ืฉืึถึฅื ืึทืึผึธึฝืึดืช: |
| Speak to the entire community.ย Heb. ืึผึทืึผึฐืจืึผ, [the plural form]. Now did Aaron speak? Was it not already stated [to Moses]: โYou shall speakโ (Exod. 7: 2) โand you speak to the children of Israel, sayingโ (Exod. 31:13)]? But they [Moses and Aaron] would show respect to each other and say to each other, โTeach me [what to say],โ and the speech would emanate from between them [and it would sound] as if they both were speaking. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึผึทืึผึฐืจืึผ ืึถืึพืึผึธืึพืขึฒืึทืช.ย
ืึฐืึดื ืึทืึฒืจึนื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ? ืึทืึฒืึนื ืึผึฐืึธืจ ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึทืชึผึธื ืชึฐืึทืึผึตืจ? ืึถืึผึธื ืืึนืึฐืงึดืื ืึผึธืืึนื ืึถื ืึธืึถื, ืึฐืืึนืึฐืจึดืื ืึถื ืึธืึถื ืึทืึผึฐืึตื ึดื, ืึฐืึทืึผึดืึผืึผืจ ืืึนืฆึตื ืึดืึผึตืื ืฉืึฐื ึตืืึถื ืึผึฐืึดืึผืึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตืืึถื ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืจึดืื (ืืืืืชื):
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| to the entire community of Israel, saying, โOn the tenth ofโฆ monthโ -.ย Speak today on Rosh Chodesh [the New Moon] that they should take it [the lamb] on the tenth of the month. โ [From Mechilta] |
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ืึผึทืึผึฐืจืึผ ืึถืึพืึผึธืึพืขึฒืึทืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึตืืึนืจ ืึผึถึฝืขึธืฉืืจ ืึทืึนืึถืฉื.ย
ืึผึทืึผึฐืจืึผ ืึทืึผืึนื, ืึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ืึนืึถืฉื ืฉืึถืึผึดืงึผึธืืึผืืึผ ืึผึถืขึธืฉืึนืจ ืึทืึนืึถืฉื:
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| this.ย The Passover sacrifice of Egypt had to be taken on the tenth, but not the Passover sacrifice of later generations. โ [from Mechilta, Pes. 96a] |
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ืึทืึผึถื.ย
ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืึดืงึฐืืึน ืึถืขึธืฉืืึนืจ, ืึฐืึนื ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึผืึนืจืึนืช (ืคืกืืื ืฆ"ื):
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| a lamb for each parental home.ย [I.e., a lamb] for one family. If [the family members] were numerous, I would think that one lamb would suffice for all of them. Therefore, the Torah says: โa lamb for a household.โ -[from Mechilta] |
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ืฉืึถื ืึฐืึตึฝืืชึพืึธืึนืช.ย
ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธืึธื ืึทืึทืช; ืึฒืจึตื ืฉืึถืึธืืึผ ืึฐืจึปืึผึดืื, ืึธืืึนื ืฉืึถื ืึถืึธื ืึฐืึปืึผึธื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืฉืึถื ืึทืึผึธืึดืช" (ืืืืืชื):
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| 4But if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor who is nearest to his house shall take [one] according to the number of people, each one according to one's ability to eat, shall you be counted for the lamb. |
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ืืึฐืึดืึพืึดืึฐืขึทึฃื ืึทืึผึทึืึดืชึ ืึดึฝืึฐืึฃืึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึถืึ ืึฐืึธืงึทึฃื ืึืึผื ืึผืฉืึฐืึตื ึืึน ืึทืงึผึธืจึฅึนื ืึถืึพืึผึตืืชึืึน ืึผึฐืึดืึฐืกึทึฃืช ื ึฐืคึธืฉืึึนืช ืึดึืืฉื ืึฐืคึดึฃื ืึธืึฐืึืึน ืชึผึธืึึนืกึผืึผ ืขึทืึพืึทืฉืึถึฝื: |
| But if the household is too small for a lamb.ย And if they are too few to have one lamb, for they cannot eat it [all], and it will become left over (see verse 10), โthen he and his neighborโฆ shall take.โ This is the apparent meaning according to its simple interpretation. There is, however, also a midrashic interpretation, [namely that this verse comes] to teach us that after they were counted on it, [i.e., after they registered for a certain lamb,] they may diminish their number and withdraw from it and be counted on another lamb. If, however, they wish to withdraw and diminish their number, [they must do it] ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืึดืฉืึถื [lit., from the being of the lamb]. They must diminish their number while the lamb still exists, while it is still alive, and not after it has been slaughtered. โ [from Mechilta, Pes. 98a] |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืึพืึดืึฐืขึทื ืึทืึผึทืึดืช ืึดึฝืึฐืืึนืช ืึดืฉึผืึถื.ย
ืึฐืึดื ืึดืึฐืืึผ ืืึผืขึธืึดืื ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืึดืฉืึผึถื ืึถืึธื, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึฐืืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึธืึฐืืึน ืึฐืึธืึนื ืึดืืึตื ื ืึนืชึธืจ, ืึฐืึธืงึทื ืืึผื ืึผืฉืึฐืึตื ืึน ืืื'
ืึถืืึผ ืึทืฉืึฐืึธืขืึน ืึฐืคึดื ืคึฐืฉืืึผืืึน. ืึฐืขืึนื ืึตืฉื ืึผืึน ืึดืึฐืจึธืฉื: ืึฐืึทืึผึตื, ืฉืึถืึทืึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืึฐื ืึผ ืขึธืึธืื, ืึฐืืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึดืชึฐืึทืขึตื ืึฐืึดืึฐืฉืึนืึฐ ืึฐืึตืืึถื ืึตืืึถื ึผืึผ ืึผืึฐืึดืึผึธื ืึนืช ืขึทื ืฉืึถื ืึทืึตืจ; ืึทืึฐ ืึดื ืึผึธืืึผ ืึดืึฐืฉืึนืึฐ ืึฐืึตืืึถื ืึผืึฐืึดืชึฐืึทืขึตื, ืืืืืช ืืฉื, ืึดืชึฐืึทืขึฒืืึผ ืึผึฐืขืึนื ืึทืฉืึผึถื ืงึทืึผึธื, ืึผึดืึฐืืึนืชืึน ืึทืึทืึผึดืื ืึฐืึนื ืึดืฉืึผึถื ึผึดืฉืึฐืึทื (ืคืกืืื ืค"ื):
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| according to the number of.ย -Heb. ืึผึฐืึดืึฐืกึทืช, amount, and so โthe amount of (ืึดืึฐืกึทืช) your valuation:โ (Lev. 27:23). |
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ืึผึฐืึดืึฐืกึทืช.ย
ืึถืฉืึฐืึผืึนื, ืึฐืึตื "ืึดืึฐืกึทืช ืึธืขึถืจึฐืึผึฐืึธ" (ืืืงืจื ื"ื):
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| according to oneโs ability to eat.ย [This indicates that only] one who is fit to eat-which excludes the sick and aged-who cannot eat an olive-sized portion [can be counted among the group for whom the sacrifice is killed]. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึฐืคึดื ืึธืึฐืืึน.ย
ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื, ืคึผึฐืจึธื ืึฐืืึนืึถื ืึผืึฐืึธืงึตื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืึธืืึนื ืึถืึฑืึนื ืึผึทืึผึทืึดืช (ืืืืืชื):
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| shall you be counted.ย Heb. ืชึผึธืึนืกืึผ [Onkelos renders:] ืชึผึดืชึฐืึฐื ืึผื, you shall be counted. |
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ืชึผึธืึนืกึผืึผ.ย
"ืชึผึดืชึฐืึฐื ืึผื":
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| 5You shall have a perfect male lamb in its [first] year; you may take it either from the sheep or from the goats. |
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ืืฉืึถึงื ืชึธืึดึืื ืึธืึธึฅืจ ืึผึถืึพืฉืึธื ึธึื ืึดึฝืึฐืึถึฃื ืึธืึถึื ืึดืึพืึทืึผึฐืึธืฉืึดึฅืื ืึผืึดืึพืึธึฝืขึดืึผึดึืื ืชึผึดืงึผึธึฝืืึผ: |
| perfect.ย without a blemish. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืชึธืึดืื.ย
ืึผึฐืึนื ืืึผื:
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| in its [first] year.ย Heb. ืึผึถื-ืฉืึธื ึธื For its entire first year it is called ืึผึถื-ืฉืึธื ึธื, meaning that it was born during this year. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึผึถืึพืฉืึธื ึธื.ย
ืึผึธื ืฉืึฐื ึธืชืึน ืงึธืจืึผื ืึผึถื ืฉืึธื ึธื, ืึผึฐืืึนืึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผืึนืึทื ืึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื ืืึน:
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| either from the sheep or from the goats.ย Either from this [species] or from that [species], for a goat is also called ืฉืึถื, as it is written: โand a kid (ืฉืึถื ืขึดืึดืื)โ (Deut. 14:4). โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึดืึพืึทืึผึฐืึธืฉืึดืื ืึผืึดืึพืึธึฝืขึดืึผึดืื.ย
ืืึน ืึดืึผึถื ืืึน ืึดืึผึถื, ืฉืึถืึทืฃ ืขึตื ืงึธืจืึผื ืฉืึถื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึฐืฉืึตื ืขึดืึผึดืื" (ืืืจืื ื"ื):
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| 6And you shall keep it for inspection until the fourteenth day of this month, and the entire congregation of the community of Israel shall slaughter it in the afternoon. |
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ืืึฐืึธืึธึคื ืึธืึถืึ ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืึถึืจึถืช ืขึทึฃื ืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธึฅื ืขึธืฉืึธึืจ ืึืึนื ืึทืึฃึนืึถืฉื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึฐืฉืึธึฝืึฒืึฃืึผ ืึนืชึืึน ืึผึึนื ืงึฐืึทึฅื ืขึฒืึทืชึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผึตึฅืื ืึธึฝืขึทืจึฐืึผึธึฝืึดื: |
| And you shall keep it for inspection.ย Heb. ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืึถืจึถืช. This is an expression of inspection, that it [the animal] requires an inspection for a blemish four days before its slaughter. Now why was it [the designated animal] to be taken four days before its slaughter, something not required in the Passover sacrifice of later generations? Rabbi Mathia the son of Charash used to say [in response]: Behold He [God] says: โAnd I passed by you and saw you, and behold your time was the time of loveโ (Ezek. 16:8). The [time for the fulfillment of the] oath that I swore to Abraham that I would redeem his children has arrived. But they [the Children of Israel] had no commandments in their hands with which to occupy themselves in order that they be redeemed, as it is said: โbut you were naked and bareโ (Ezek. 16:7). So He gave them two mitzvoth, the blood of the Passover and the blood of the circumcision. They circumcised themselves on that night, as it is said: โdowntrodden with your blood (ืึผึฐืึธืึธืึดืึฐโ)โ (ibid., verse 6), with the two [types of] blood. He [God] states also: โYou, too-with the blood of your covenant I have freed your prisoners from a pit in which there was no waterโ (Zech. 9:11). Moreover, they [the Israelites] were passionately fond of idolatry. [Moses] said to them, โWithdraw and take for yourselvesโ (Exod. 12:21). [He meant:] withdraw from idolatry and take for yourselves sheep for the mitzvah. โ [from Mechilta, here and on verse 21] Note that on verse 21, Rashi explains that differently. |
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ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึธืึถื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืึถืจึถืช.ย
ืึถืืึผ ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึผึดืงึผืึผืจ, ืฉืึถืึผึธืขืึผื ืึผึดืงึผืึผืจ ืึดืึผืึผื ืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธื ืึธืึดืื ืงึนืึถื ืฉืึฐืึดืืึธื (ืคืกืืื ืฆ"ื). ืึผืึดืคึผึฐื ึตื ืึธื ืึดืงึฐืึผึดืื ืึฐืงึดืืึธืชืึน ืึดืฉืึฐืึดืืึธืชืึน ืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธื ืึธืึดืื, ืึทื ืฉืึผึถืึผึนื ืฆึดืึผึธื ืึตื ืึผึฐืคึถืกึทื ืึผืึนืจืึนืช? ืึธืึธื ืจึท' ืึทืชึฐืึธื ืึผึถื ืึธืจึธืฉื ืืึนืึตืจ, ืึฒืจึตื ืืึผื ืืึนืึตืจ "ืึธืึถืขึฑืึนืจ ืขึธืึทืึดืึฐ ืึธืึถืจึฐืึตืึฐ ืึฐืึดื ึผึตื ืขึดืชึผึตืึฐ ืขึตืช ืึผืึนืึดืื" (ืืืืงืื ื"ื) โ ืึดืึผึดืืขึธื ืฉืึฐืืึผืขึธื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืฉืึฐืึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื ืึฐืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ืฉืึถืึถืึฐืึทื ืึถืช ืึผึธื ึธืื, ืึฐืึนื ืึธืืึผ ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึดืฆึฐืืึนืช ืึฐืึดืชึฐืขึทืกึผึตืง ืึผึธืึถื ืึผึฐืึตื ืฉืึถืึผึดืึผึธืึฒืืึผ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึฐืึทืชึผึฐ ืขึตืจืึนื ืึฐืขึถืจึฐืึธื" (ืฉื), ืึฐื ึธืชึทื ืึธืึถื ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืึดืฆึฐืืึนืช, ืึผึทื ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึฐืึทื ืึดืืึธื, ืฉืึถืึผึธืืึผ ืึฐืืึนืชืึน ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึดืชึฐืึผืึนืกึถืกึถืช ืึผึฐืึธืึธืึดืึฐ" (ืฉื) โ ืึผึดืฉืึฐื ึตื ืึผึธืึดืื, ืึฐืืึนืึตืจ "ืึผึทื ืึทืชึผึฐ ืึผึฐืึทื ืึผึฐืจึดืืชึตืึฐ ืฉืึดืึผึทืึฐืชึผึดื ืึฒืกึดืืจึทืึดืึฐ ืึดืึผืึนืจ ืึตืื ืึทืึดื ืึผืึน" (ืืืจืื ื'); ืึผืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืึธืืึผ ืฉืึฐืืึผืคึดืื ืึผึถืึฑืึดืืึดืื ืึธืึทืจ ืึธืึถื ืืฉืื ืืงืื ืืื, ืึดืฉืึฐืืึผ ืึฐืึตืืึถื ืึตืึฑืึดืืึดืื, ืึผืงึฐืืึผ ืึธืึถื ืฆึนืื ืฉืึถื ืึดืฆึฐืึธื (ืืืืืชื):
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| shall slaughter it.ย Now do they all slaughter [it]? Rather, from here we can deduce that a personโs agent is like himself. โ [from Mechilta, Kid. 41b] [Therefore, it is considered as if all the Israelites slaughtered the sacrifice.] |
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ืึฐืฉืึธึฝืึฒืืึผ ืึนืชืึน ืืื'.ย
ืึฐืึดื ืึผึปืึผึธื ืฉืืึนืึฒืึดืื? ืึถืึผึธื ืึดืึผึธืื ืฉืึถืฉืึผึฐืืึผืืึน ืฉืึถื ืึธืึธื ืึผึฐืืึนืชืึน (ืงืืืืฉืื ืืืืื ื):
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| the entire congregation of the community of Israel.ย [This means] the congregation, the community, and Israel. From here, they [the Rabbis] said: The communal Passover sacrifices are slaughtered in three [distinct] groups, one after the other. [Once] the first group entered, the doors of the Temple court were locked [until the group finished; they were followed by the second group, etc.,] as is stated in Pesachim (64b). |
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ืงึฐืึทื ืขึฒืึทืชึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื.ย
ืงึธืึธื ืึฐืขึตืึธื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื; ืึดืึผึธืื ืึธืึฐืจืึผ, ืคึผึดืกึฐืึตื ืฆึดืึผืึผืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐืึธืึดืื ืึผึฐืฉืึธืืึนืฉื ืึผึดืชึผืึนืช ืืึน ืึทืึทืจ ืืึน, ื ึดืึฐื ึฐืกึธื ืึทืช ืจึดืืฉืืึนื ึธื ื ึดื ึฐืขึฒืืึผ ืึผึทืึฐืชืึนืช ืึธืขึฒืึธืจึธื ืึฐืืึผ'. ืึผึดืึฐืึดืืชึธื ืึผึดืคึฐืกึธืึดืื (ืืฃ ืก"ื):
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| in the afternoon.ย Heb. ืึผึตืื ืึธืขึทืจึฐืึผึธืึดื From six hours [after sunrise] and onward is called ืึผึตืื ืึธืขึทืจึฐืึผึทืึดื, literally, between the two evenings, for the sun is inclined toward the place where it sets to become darkened. It seems to me that the expression ืึผึตืื ืึธืขึทืจึฐืึผึทืึดื denotes those hours between the darkening of the day and the darkening of the night. The darkening of the day is at the beginning of the seventh hour, when the shadows of evening decline, and the darkening of the night at the beginning of the night. ืขึถืจึถื is an expression of evening and darkness, like โall joy is darkened (ืึฐืขึธืจึฐืึธื) โ (Isa. 24:11). โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึผึตืื ืึธึฝืขึทืจึฐืึผึธึฝืึดื.ย
ืึดืฉืึผึตืฉื ืฉืึธืขืึนืช ืึผืึฐืึทืขึฐืึธื ืงึธืจืึผื ืึผึตืื ืึธืขึทืจึฐืึผึทืึดื, ืฉืึถืึทืฉืึผึถืึถืฉื ื ืึนืึถื ืึฐืึตืืช ืึฐืืึนืืึน ืึทืขึฒืจึนื; ืึผืึฐืฉืืึนื ืืื ืืขืจืืื ื ึดืจึฐืึถื ืึฐืขึตืื ึทื ืืึนืชึธื ืฉืึธืขืึนืช ืฉืึถืึผึตืื ืขึฒืจึดืืึทืช ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืขึฒืจึดืืึทืช ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื, ืขึฒืจึดืืึทืช ืึทืึผืึนื ืึผึดืชึฐืึดืึผึทืช ื' ืฉืึธืขืึนืช ืึดืึผึดื ืึดื ึผึธืืึผ ืฆึดืึฐืึตื ืขึถืจึถื, ืึทืขึฒืจึดืืึทืช ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืึผึดืชึฐืึดืึผึทืช ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื. ืขืจื ืึฐืฉืืึนื ื ึถืฉืึถืฃ ืึฐืึนืฉืึถืึฐ, ืึผึฐืืึน "ืขึธืจึฐืึธื ืึผึธื ืฉืึดืึฐืึธื" (ืืฉืขืืื ื"ื):
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| 7And they shall take [some] of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel, on the houses in which they will eat it. |
ย |
ืืึฐืึธึฝืงึฐืืึผึ ืึดืึพืึทืึผึธึื ืึฐื ึธึฝืชึฐื ึืึผ ืขึทืึพืฉืึฐืชึผึตึฅื ืึทืึผึฐืืึผืึึนืช ืึฐืขึทืึพืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืงึืึนืฃ ืขึทึื ืึทืึผึธึฃืชึผึดึืื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึฝึนืืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึนืชึืึน ืึผึธืึถึฝื: |
| And they shall take [some] of the blood.ย This is the receiving of the blood [from the animalโs neck immediately after the slaughtering]. I would think that it was to be received in the hand. Therefore, Scripture says: โthat is in the basinโ (below, verse 22), [specifying that the blood is to be received in a vessel]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืึธึฝืงึฐืืึผ ืึดืึพืึทืึผึธื.ย
ืืึน ืงึทืึผึธืึทืช ืึทืึผึธื, ืึธืืึนื ืึผึทืึผึธื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืืฉืจ ืืกืฃ (ืืืืืชื):
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| theโฆ door posts.ย They are the upright posts, one from this side of the entrance and one from that side. โ [from Kid. 22b] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึฐืืึผืึนืช.ย
ืึตื ืึทืึผึฐืงืึผืคืึนืช ืึทืึทืช ืึดืึผึธืื ืึทืคึผึถืชึทื ืึฐืึทืึทืช ืึดืึผึธืื:
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| the lintel.ย Heb. ืึทืึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืฃ. That is the upper [beam], against which the door strikes (ืฉืืึนืงึตืฃ) when it is being closed, lintel in Old French. The term ืฉืึฐืงึดืืคึธื means striking, like [in the phrase] โthe sound of a rattling leafโ (Lev. 26:36), [which Onkelos renders:] ืึทืจึฐืคึผึธื ืึผึนึฐืฉึธืงึดืืฃ, โbruiseโ (Exod. 21:25), [which Onkelos renders:] ืึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืคึตื. โ [based on Jonathan] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืฃ.ย
ืึธืขึถืึฐืืึนื ืฉืึถืึทืึผึถืึถืช ืฉืืึนืงึตืฃ ืขึธืึธืื ืึผึฐืฉืึถืกึผืึนืึฐืจึดืื ืืึนืชืึน, ืืื ืื"ื ืึผึฐืึทืขึทื; ืึผืึฐืฉืืึนื ืฉืึฐืงึดืืคึธื ืึฒืึธืึธื, ืึผึฐืืึน "ืงืึนื ืขึธืึถื ื ึดืึผึธืฃ" (ืืืงืจื ื"ื) โ ืึฐืฉืึธืงึดืืฃ, ืึทืึผืึผืจึธื โ ืึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืคึตื:
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| on the houses in which they will eat it.ย But not on the lintel and the doorposts of a house [used] for [storing] straw or a house [used] for cattle, in which nobody lives. โ [based on Mechilta] |
ย |
ืขึทืึพืึทืึผึธืชึผึดืื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึฝึนืืึฐืืึผ ืึนืชืึน ืึผึธืึถึฝื.ย
ืึฐืึนื ืขึทื ืึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืฃ ืึผืึฐืืึผืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึตืืช ืึทืชึผึถืึถื ืึผืึตืืช ืึทืึผึธืงึธืจ, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึผึธืจึดืื ืึผึฐืชืึนืืึน (ืข' ืืืืืชื):
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| 8And on this night, they shall eat the flesh, roasted over the fire, and unleavened cakes; with bitter herbs they shall eat it. |
ย |
ืืึฐืึธึฝืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืฉืึธึืจ ืึผึทืึผึทึฃืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึถึื ืฆึฐืึดืึพืึตึฃืฉื ืึผืึทืฆึผึืึนืช ืขึทืึพืึฐืจึนืจึดึืื ืึนืืึฐืึปึฝืืึผ: |
| the flesh.ย but not sinews or bones. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืฉืึธืจ.ย
ืึฐืึนื ืึผึดืืึดืื ืึทืขึฒืฆึธืืึนืช (ืฉื):
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| and unleavened cakes; with bitter herbs.ย Every bitter herb is called ืึธืจืึนืจ, and He commanded them to eat bitters in commemoration of โAnd they embittered their livesโ (Exod. 1:14). โ [from Pes. 39a, 116b] |
ย |
ืึผืึทืฆึผืึนืช ืขึทืึพืึฐืจึนืจึดืื.ย
ืึผึธื ืขึตืฉืึถื ืึทืจ ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึธืจืึนืจ; ืึฐืฆึดืึผึธื ืึถืึฑืึนื ืึทืจ ืึตืึถืจ ืึฐ"ืึทืึฐืึธืจึฐืจืึผ ืึถืช ืึทืึผึตืืึถื" (ืฉืืืช ื'):
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| 9You shall not eat it rare or boiled in water, except roasted over the fire its head with its legs and with its innards. |
ย |
ืืึทืึพืชึผึฝึนืืึฐืึคืึผ ืึดืึผึถึจื ึผืึผึ ื ึธึื ืึผืึธืฉืึตึฅื ืึฐืึปืฉึผืึธึื ืึผึทืึผึธึืึดื ืึผึดึฃื ืึดืึพืฆึฐืึดืึพืึตึืฉื ืจึนืืฉืึฅืึน ืขึทืึพืึผึฐืจึธืขึธึืื ืึฐืขึทืึพืงึดืจึฐืึผึฝืึน: |
| You shall not eat it rare.ย Heb. ื ึธื Something not roasted sufficiently is called ื ึธื in Arabic. |
ย |
ืึทืึพืชึผึฝึนืืึฐืืึผ ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ ื ึธื.ย
ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืฆึธืืึผื ืึผึธื ืฆึธืจึฐืึผืึน ืงืึนืจึฐืืึน ื ึธื ืึฐืึธืฉืืึนื ืขึฒืจึธืึดื:
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| or boiled.ย All this is included in the prohibition of "You shall not eat it." โ [from Pes. 41b] |
ย |
ืึผืึธืฉืึตื ืึฐืึปืฉึผืึธื.ย
ืึผึธื ืึถื ืึผึฐืึทืึฐืึธืจึทืช ืื ืชืืืื:
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| in water.ย How do we know that [it is also prohibited to cook it] in other liquids? Therefore, Scripture states: ืึผืึธืฉืึตื ืึฐืึปืฉืึธื, [meaning boiled] in any manner. โ [from Pes. 41a] |
ย |
ืึผึทืึผึธืึดื.ย
ืึดื ึผึทืึดื ืึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืึทืฉืึฐืงึดืื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืึผืึธืฉืึตื ืึฐืึปืฉืึผึธื, ืึดืึผึธื ืึธืงืึนื (ืคืกืืื ื"ื):
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| except roasted over the fire.ย Above (verse 8), He decreed upon it [the animal sacrifice] with a positive commandment, and here He added to it a negative [commandment]: โYou shall not eat it except roasted over the fire.โ -[from Pes. 41b] |
ย |
ืึผึดื ืึดืึพืฆึฐืึดืึพืึตืฉื.ย
ืึฐืึทืขึฐืึธื ืึผึธืึทืจ ืขึธืึธืื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืึทืช ืขึฒืฉืึตื, ืึฐืึธืื ืืึนืกึดืืฃ ืขึธืึธืื ืึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉืึถื, ืื ืชืืืื ืืื ื โฆ ืื ืื ืฆืื ืืฉ:
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| its head with its legs.ย One should roast it completely as one, with its head and with its legs and with its innards, and one must place its intestines inside it after they have been rinsed (Pes. 74a). The expression ืขึทื ืึผึฐืจึธืขึธืื ืึฐืขึทื-ืงึดืจึฐืึผืึน is similar to the expression โwith their hosts (ืขึทื-ืฆึดืึฐืึนืชึธื) โ (Exod. 6:26), [which is] like ืึผึฐืฆึดืึฐืึนืชึธื, as they are, this too means [they should roast the animal] as it is, all its flesh complete. |
ย |
ืจึนืืฉืืึน ืขึทืึพืึผึฐืจึธืขึธืื.ย
ืฆืึนืึตืืึผ ืึผึปืึผืึน ืึฐืึถืึธื ืขึดื ืจึนืืฉืืึน ืึฐืขึดื ืึผึฐืจึธืขึธืื ืึฐืขึดื ืงึดืจึฐืึผืึน, ืึผืึฐื ึตื ืึตืขึธืื ื ืึนืชึตื ืึฐืชืึนืืึน ืึทืึทืจ ืึฒืึธืึธืชึธื (ืฉื ืข"ื); ืึผืึฐืฉืืึนื ืขื ืงืจืื ืึผึดืึฐืฉืืึนื "ืขึทื ืฆึดืึฐืืึนืชึธื" (ืฉืืืช ื'), ืึผึฐืืึน ืึผึฐืฆึดืึฐืืึนืชึธื โ ืึผึฐืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึตื, ืึทืฃ ืึถื ืึผึฐืืึนืช ืฉืึถืืึผื โ ืึผึธื ืึผึฐืฉืึธืจืึน ืึดืฉึผืึธืึตื:
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| 10And you shall not leave over any of it until morning, and whatever is left over of it until morning, you shall burn in fire. |
ย |
ืืึฐืึนึฝืึพืชืึนืชึดึฅืืจืึผ ืึดืึผึถึื ึผืึผ ืขึทืึพืึผึึนืงึถืจ ืึฐืึทื ึผึนืชึธึฅืจ ืึดืึผึถึื ึผืึผ ืขึทืึพืึผึึนืงึถืจ ืึผึธืึตึฅืฉื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืจึฝึนืคืึผ: |
| and whatever is left over of it until morning-.ย What is the meaning of โuntil morningโ a second time? [This implies] adding one morning to another morning, for morning starts with sunrise, and this verse is here to make it [the prohibition] earlier, [i.e.,] that it is forbidden to eat it [the leftover flesh] from dawn. This is according to its apparent meaning. Another midrashic interpretation is that this teaches that it may not be burnt on Yom Tov but on the next day, and this is how it is to be interpreted: and what is left over from it on the first morning you shall wait until the second morning and burn it. โ [from Shab. 24b] |
ย |
ืึฐืึทื ึผึนืชึธืจ ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ ืขึทืึพืึผึนืงึถืจ.ย
ืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืขื ืืงืจ ืคึผึทืขึทื ืฉืึฐื ึดืึผึธื? ืึดืชึผึตื ืึผึนืงึถืจ ืขึทื ืึผึนืงึถืจ, ืฉืึถืึทืึผึนืงึถืจ ืึทืฉืึฐืึธืขืึน ืึดืฉืึผึฐืขึทืช ืึธื ึตืฅ ืึทืึทืึผึธื, ืึผืึธื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึฐืึทืงึฐืึผึดืื ืฉืึถืึธืกืึผืจ ืึผึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึตืขึฒืืึนืช ืึทืฉืึผึทืึทืจ, ืึถืืึผ ืึฐืคึดื ืึทืฉืึฐืึธืขืึน. ืึฐืขืึนื ืึดืึฐืจึธืฉื ืึทืึตืจ, ืึดืึผึตื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ื ึดืฉืึฐืจึธืฃ ืึผึฐืืึนื ืืึนื ืึถืึผึธื ืึดืึผึธืึณืจึธืช, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ืชึผึดืึฐืจึฐืฉืึถื ึผืึผ: ืึฐืึทื ึผืึนืชึธืจ ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ ืึผึฐืึนืงึถืจ ืจึดืืฉืืึนื, ืขึทื ืึผึนืงึถืจ ืฉืึตื ึดื ืชึทืขึฒืึนื ืึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึฐืคึถื ึผืึผ (ืืืืืชื):
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| 11And this is how you shall eat it: your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste it is a Passover sacrifice to the Lord. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึธึืึธืึ ืชึผึฝึนืืึฐืึฃืึผ ืึนืชืึนึ ืึธืชึฐื ึตืืึถึฃื ืึฒืึปืจึดึืื ื ึทึฝืขึฒืึตืืึถืึ ืึผึฐืจึทืึฐืึตืืึถึื ืึผืึทืงึผึถืึฐืึถึื ืึผึฐืึถืึฐืึถึื ืึทึฝืึฒืึทืึฐืชึผึถึคื ืึนืชืึนึ ืึผึฐืึดืคึผึธืึืึนื ืคึผึถึฅืกึทื ืึืึผื ืึทืืึนืึธึฝื: |
| your loins girded.ย Ready for the way [i.e., for travel]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึธืชึฐื ึตืืึถื ืึฒืึปืจึดืื.ย
ืึฐืึปืึผึธื ึดืื ืึทืึผึถืจึถืึฐ:
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| in haste.ย Heb. ืึผึฐืึดืคึผึธืืึนื, a term denoting haste and speed, like โand David was hastening (ื ึถืึฐืคึธื) โ (I Sam. 23:26); that the Arameans had cast off in their haste (ืึผึฐืึธืคึฐืึธื) (II Kings 7:15). โ [from Onkelos] |
ย |
ืึผึฐืึดืคึผึธืืึนื.ย
ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึผึถืึธืึธื ืึผืึฐืึดืืจืึผืช, ืึผึฐืืึน "ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึผึธืึดื ื ึถืึฐืคึผึธื ืึธืึถืึถืช" (ืฉืืืื ื' ื"ื), "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืฉืึฐืึดืืืึผ ืึฒืจึธื ืึผึฐืึธืคึฐืึธื" (ืืืืื ื' ื'):
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| it is a Passover sacrifice to the Lord.ย Heb. ืคึผึถืกึทื. The sacrifice is called ืคึผึถืกึทื because of the skipping and the jumping over, which the Holy One, blessed be He, skipped over the Israelitesโ houses that were between the Egyptians houses. He jumped from one Egyptian to another Egyptian, and the Israelite in between was saved. [โTo the Lordโ thus implies] you shall perform all the components of its service in the name of Heaven. (Another explanation:) [You should perform the service] in the manner of skipping and jumping, [i.e., in haste] in commemoration of its name, which is called Passover (ืคึผึถืกึทื), and also [in old French] pasche, pasque, pasca, an expression of striding over. โ [from Mishnah Pes. 116a,b; Mechilta dโRabbi Shimon ben Yochai, verse 27; Mechilta on this verse] |
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ืคึผึถืกึทื ืืึผื ืื'.ย
ืึทืงึผึธืจึฐืึผึธื ืงึธืจืึผื ืคืกื ืขึทื ืฉืึตื ืึทืึผึดืึผืึผื ืึฐืึทืคึผึฐืกึดืืึธื, ืฉืึถืึทืงึธึผืืึนืฉื ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืืึผื ืึธืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืึผึธืชึผึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึดืึผึตืื ืึผึธืชึผึตื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืึฐืงืึนืคึตืฅ ืึดืึผึดืฆึฐืจึดื ืึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึดื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึถืึฐืฆึธืขึดื ื ึดืึฐืึธื; ืึฐืึทืชึผึถื ืขึฒืฉืืึผ ืึธื ืขึฒืืึนืืึนืชึธืื ืึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึธืึทืึดื, ืึผึถืจึถืึฐ ืึผึดืึผืึผื ืึผืงึฐืคึดืืฆึธื, ืึตืึถืจ ืึดืฉืึฐืืึน ืฉืึถืงึผึธืจืึผื ืคืกื; ืึฐืึทื ืคืฉืง"ื ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืคึผึฐืกึดืืขึธื:
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| 12I will pass through the land of Egypt on this night, and I will smite every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast, and upon all the gods of Egypt will I wreak judgments I, the Lord. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืขึธึฝืึทืจึฐืชึผึดึฃื ืึฐืึถึฝืจึถืฅึพืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดืึ ืึผึทืึผึทึฃืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึถืึ ืึฐืึดืึผึตืืชึดึคื ืึธืึพืึผึฐืืึนืจึ ืึผึฐืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึตึฝืึธืึธึื ืึฐืขึทืึพืึผึฐืึตืึธึื ืึผืึฐืึธืึพืึฑืึนืึตึฅื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึถึฝืขึฑืฉืึถึฅื ืฉืึฐืคึธืึดึืื ืึฒื ึดึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึฝื: |
| I will pass.ย like a king who passes from place to place, and with one passing and in one moment they are all smitten. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืขึธึฝืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื.ย
ืึผึฐืึถืึถืึฐ ืึธืขืึนืึตืจ ืึดืึผึธืงืึนื ืึฐืึธืงืึนื (ืืืืืชื), ืึผืึฐืึทืขึฒืึธืจึธื ืึทืึทืช ืึผืึฐืจึถืึทืข ืึถืึธื ืึผึปืึผึธื ืืึนืงึดืื:
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| every firstborn in the land of Egypt.ย Even other firstborn who are in Egypt [will die]. Now how do we know that even the firstborn of the Egyptians who are in other places [will die]? Therefore, Scripture states: โTo Him Who smote the Egyptians with their firstbornโ (Ps. 136:10). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึธืึพืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึฐืึถึฝืจึถืฅึพืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื.ย
ืึทืฃ ืึผึฐืืึนืจืึนืช ืึฒืึตืจึดืื ืึฐืึตื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื. ืึผืึดื ึผึทืึดื ืึทืฃ ืึผึฐืืึนืจึตื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืฉืึถืึผึดืึฐืงืึนืืึนืช ืึฒืึตืจึดืื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืึผึดืึฐืืึนืจึตืืึถื" (ืชืืืื ืงื"ื):
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| both man and beast.ย [I.e., first man and then beast.] He who started to sin first from him the retribution starts. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึตึฝืึธืึธื ืึฐืขึทืึพืึผึฐืึตืึธื.ย
ืึดื ืฉืึถืึดืชึฐืึดืื ืึผึทืขึฒืึตืจึธื ืึดืึผึถื ึผืึผ ืึทืชึฐืึถืึถืช ืึทืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ืึผืช (ืืืืืชื):
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| and upon all the gods of Egypt-.ย The one made of wood will rot, and the one made of metal will melt and flow to the ground. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผืึฐืึธืึพืึฑืึนืึตื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื.ย
ืฉืึถื ืขึตืฅ ื ึดืจึฐืงึถืึถืช ืึฐืฉืึถื ืึทืชึผึถืึถืช ื ึดืึฐืกึตืช ืึฐื ึดืชึผึถืึถืช ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ (ืฉื):
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| will I wreak judgments-I The Lord.ย I by Myself and not through a messenger. โ [from Passover Haggadah] |
ย |
ืึถึฝืขึฑืฉืึถื ืฉืึฐืคึธืึดืื ืึฒื ึดื ื'.ย
ืึฒื ึดื ืึฐืขึทืฆึฐืึดื, ืึฐืึนื ืขึทื ืึฐืึตื ืฉืึธืึดืืึท:
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| 13And the blood will be for you for a sign upon the houses where you will be, and I will see the blood and skip over you, and there will be no plague to destroy [you] when I smite the [people of the] land of Egypt. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึธืึธืึฉ ืึทืึผึธึจื ืึธืึถึื ืึฐืึนึืช ืขึทึคื ืึทืึผึธืชึผึดืืึ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึทืชึผึถึฃื ืฉืึธึื ืึฐืจึธืึดึจืืชึดืึ ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธึื ืึผืคึธึฝืกึทืึฐืชึผึดึื ืขึฒืึตืึถึื ืึฐืึนืึพืึดึฝืึฐืึถึจื ืึธืึถึฅื ื ึถึจืึถืฃึ ืึฐืึทืฉืึฐืึดึืืช ืึผึฐืึทืึผึนืชึดึื ืึผึฐืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝืึดื: |
| And the blood will be for you for a sign.ย [The blood will be] for you a sign but not a sign for others. From here, it is derived that they put the blood only on the inside. โ [from Mechilta 11] |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึทืึผึธื ืึธืึถื ืึฐืึนืช.ย
ืึธืึถื ืึฐืืึนืช ืึฐืึนื ืึทืึฒืึตืจึดืื ืึฐืืึนืช (ืฉื). ืึดืึผึธืื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ื ึธืชึฐื ืึผ ืึทืึผึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืึดืึผึดืคึฐื ึดืื:
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| and I will see the blood.ย [In fact,] everything is revealed to Him. [Why then does the Torah mention that God will see the blood?] Rather, the Holy One, blessed be He, said, โI will focus My attention to see that you are engaged in My commandments, and I will skip over you.โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืจึธืึดืืชึดื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธื.ย
ืึทืึผึนื ืึผึธืืึผื ืึฐืคึธื ึธืื, ืึถืึผึธื ืึธืึทืจ ืึทืงึธึผืืึนืฉื ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืืึผื, ื ืึนืชึตื ืึฒื ึดื ืึถืช ืขึตืื ึทื ืึดืจึฐืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึถื ืขึฒืกืึผืงึดืื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืืึนืชึทื, ืึผืคืึนืกึตืึท ืึฒื ึดื ืขึฒืึตืืึถื (ืฉื):
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| and skip over.ย Heb. ืึผืคึธืกึทืึฐืชึผึดื [is rendered] and I will have pity, and similar to it: โsparing ืคึผึธืกืึนืึท and rescuingโ (Isa. 31:5). I say, however, that every [expression of] ืคึผึฐืกึดืืึธื is an expression of skipping and jumping. [Hence,] ืึผืคึธืกึทืึฐืชึผึดื [means that] He was skipping from the houses of the Israelites to the houses of the Egyptians, for they were living one in the midst of the other. Similarly, โskipping between (ืคึผึนืกึฐืึดืื) two ideasโ (I Kings 18:21). Similarly, the lame (ืคึผึดืกึฐืึดืื) walk as if jumping. Similarly, ืคึผึธืกืึนืึท ืึฐืึดืึฐืึดืื means: jumping over him and rescuing him from among the slain. โ [from Mechilta] Both views are found in Mechilta. The first view is also that of Onkelos. |
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ืึผืคึธึฝืกึทืึฐืชึผึดื.ย
ืึฐืึธืึทืึฐืชึผึดื, ืึฐืืึนืึถื ืืึน "ืคึผึธืกึนืึท ืึฐืึดืึฐืึดืื" (ืืฉืขืืื ื"ื). ืึทืึฒื ึดื ืืึนืึตืจ, ืึผึธื ืคึผึฐืกึดืืึธื ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืึผึดืึผืึผื ืึผืงึฐืคึดืืฆึธื. ืืคืกืืชื, ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืึธืึธื ืึดืึผึธืชึผึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืึธืชึผึตื ืึดืฆึฐืจึดืึผึดืื, ืฉืึถืึธืืึผ ืฉืึฐืจืึผืึดืื ืึถื ืึผึฐืชืึนืึฐ ืึถื, ืึฐืึตื "ืคึผืึนืกึฐืึดืื ืขึทื ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืึทืกึผึฐืขึดืคึผึดืื" (ืืืืื ื ื"ื), ืึฐืึตื ืึผึธื ืึทืคึผึดืกึผึฐืึดืื โ ืืึนืึฐืึดืื ืึผึฐืงืึนืคึฐืฆึดืื, ืึฐืึตื "ืคึผึธืกึนืึท ืึฐืึดืึฐืึดืื" โ ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึน ืึผืึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึน ืึดืึผึตืื ืึทืึผืึผืึธืชึดืื:
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| and there will be no plague to destroy [you].ย But there will be [a plague] upon the Egyptians. Let us say that an Egyptian was in an Israeliteโs house. I would think that he would escape. Therefore, Scripture states: โand there will be no plague upon you,โ but there will be [a plague] upon the Egyptians in your houses. Let us say that an Israelite was in an Egyptianโs house. I would think that he would be smitten like him. Therefore, Scripture states: โand there will be no plague upon you.โ -[from Mechilta] |
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ืึฐืึนืึพืึดึฝืึฐืึถื ืึธืึถื ื ึถืึถืฃ.ย
ืึฒืึธื ืืึถึนื ืืึผื ืึผึทืึผึดืฆึฐืจึดืื. ืึฒืจึตื ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืึดืฆึฐืจึดื ืึผึฐืึตืืชืึน ืฉืึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื, ืึธืืึนื ืึดืึผึธืึตื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึฐืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึธืึถื ื ึถืึถืฃ", ืึฒืึธื ืึนืึถื ืึผึทืึผึดืฆึฐืจึดืื ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึธืชึผึตืืึถื. ืึฒืจึตื ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึผึฐืึตืืชืึน ืฉืึถื ืึดืฆึฐืจึดื, ืฉืืึนืึตืขึท ืึฒื ึดื ืึดืึฐืงึถื ืึฐืืึนืชืึน, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึฐืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึธืึถื ื ึถืึถืฃ" (ืืืืืชื):
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| 14And this day shall be for you as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a festival for the Lord; throughout your generations, you shall celebrate it as an everlasting statute. |
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ืืืึฐืึธืึธืึฉ ืึทืึผึจืึนื ืึทืึผึถึคื ืึธืึถืึ ืึฐืึดืึผึธืจึืึนื ืึฐืึทืึผึนืชึถึฅื ืึนืชึืึน ืึทึฃื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืึนืจึฃึนืชึตืืึถึื ืึปืงึผึทึฅืช ืขืึนืึธึื ืชึผึฐืึธืึผึปึฝืืึผ: |
| as a memorial.ย for generations. |
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ืึฐืึดืึผึธืจืึนื.ย
ืึฐืืึนืจืึนืช:
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| and you shall celebrate it.ย The day that is a memorial for you-you shall celebrate it. But we have not yet heard which is the day of memorial. Therefore, Scripture states: โRemember this day, when you went out of Egyptโ (Exod. 13: 3). we learn that the day of the Exodus is the day of memorial. Now on what day did they go out [of Egypt]? Therefore, Scripture states: โOn the day after the Passover, they went outโ (Num. 33:3). I must therefore say that the fifteenth of Nissan is the day of the festival, because the night of the fifteenth they ate the Passover sacrifice, and in the morning they went out. |
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ืึฐืึทืึผึนืชึถื ืึนืชืึน.ย
ืืึนื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืึฐืึธ ืึฐืึดืึผึธืจืึนื ืึทืชึผึธื ืืึนืึฐืืึน. ืึทืขึฒืึทืึดื ืึนื ืฉืึธืึทืขึฐื ืึผ ืึตืืึถืืึผ ืืึนื ืึทืึผึดืึผึธืจืึนื, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึธืืึนืจ ืึถืช ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฐืฆึธืืชึถื" (ืฉืืืช ื"ื), ืึดืึผึฐืึธื ืึผ, ืฉืึถืึผืึนื ืึทืึฐืฆึดืืึธื ืืึผื ืืึนื ืฉืึถื ืึดืึผึธืจืึนื. ืึฐืึตื ืึถื ืืึนื ืึธืฆึฐืืึผ? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึดืึผึธืึณืจึทืช ืึทืคึผึถืกึทื ืึธืฆึฐืืึผ" (ืืืืืจ ื"ื), ืึฑืึตื ืืึนืึตืจ ืืึนื ืึฒืึดืฉึผืึธื ืขึธืฉืึธืจ ืึผึฐื ึดืืกึธื ืืึผื ืฉืึถื ืืึนื ืืึนื, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ืึตืื ืึฒืึดืฉึผืึธื ืขึธืฉึธึนืจ ืึธืึฐืืึผ ืึถืช ืึทืคึผึถืกึทื ืึฐืึทืึผึนืงึถืจ ืึธืฆึฐืืึผ (ืืืืืชื):
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| throughout your generations.ย I understand [this to mean] the smallest number of generations, [namely only] two. Therefore, Scripture states: โyou shall celebrate it as an everlasting statute.โ -[from Mechilta] |
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ืึฐืึนืจึนืชึตืืึถื ืืื'.ย
ืฉืืึนืึตืขึท ืึฒื ึดื ืึดืขืึผื ืึผืึนืจืึนืช ืฉืึฐื ึทืึดื, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึปืงึผึทืช ืขืึนืึธื ืชึผึฐืึธืึผึปืืึผ" (ืฉื):
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| 15For seven days you shall eat unleavened cakes, but on the preceding day you shall clear away all leaven from your houses, for whoever eats leaven from the first day until the seventh day that soul shall be cut off from Israel. |
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ืืืฉืึดืึฐืขึทึคืช ืึธืึดืืึ ืึทืฆึผึฃืึนืช ืชึผึนืืึตึืืึผ ืึทึืึฐ ืึผึทืึผึฃืึนื ืึธึฝืจึดืืฉืึืึนื ืชึผึทืฉืึฐืึผึดึฅืืชืึผ ืฉึผืึฐืึึนืจ ืึดืึผึธึฝืชึผึตืืึถึื ืึผึดึฃืย | ืึผึธืึพืึนืึตึฃื ืึธืึตึืฅ ืึฐื ึดืึฐืจึฐืชึธึื ืึทื ึผึถึคืคึถืฉื ืึทืึดืืึ ืึดืึผึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึดืึผึฅืึนื ืึธึฝืจึดืืฉืึึนื ืขึทืึพืึฅืึนื ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดืขึดึฝื: |
| For seven days.ย Heb. ืฉืึดืึฐืขึทืช ืึธืึดืื, seteyne of days, i.e., a group of seven days. [See Rashi on Exod. 10:22.] |
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ืฉืึดืึฐืขึทืช ืึธืึดืื.ย
ืฉืืืื "ื ืฉืึถื ืึธืึดืื:
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| For seven days you shall eat unleavened cakes-.ย But elsewhere it says: โFor six days you shall eat unleavened cakesโ (Deut. 16:8). This teaches [us] regarding the seventh day of Passover, that it is not obligatory to eat matzah, as long as one does not eat chametz. How do we know that [the first] six [days] are also optional [concerning eating matzah]? This is a principle in [interpreting] the Torah: Anything that was included in a generalization [in the Torah] and was excluded from that generalization [in the Torah] to teach [something] it was not excluded to teach [only] about itself, but it was excluded to teach about the entire generalization. [In this case it means that] just as [on] the seventh day [eating matzah] is optional, so is it optional in [the first] six [days]. I might think that [on] the first night it is also optional. Therefore, Scripture states: โin the evening, you shall eat unleavened cakesโ (Exod. 12:18). The text established it as an obligation. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืฉืึดืึฐืขึทืช ืึธืึดืื ืึทืฆึผืึนืช ืชึผึนืืึตืืึผ.ย
ืึผืึฐืึธืงืึนื ืึทืึตืจ ืืึผื ืืึนืึตืจ "ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ืึธืึดืื ืชึผึนืืึทื ืึทืฆึผืึนืช" (ืืืจืื ื"ื) ืึดืึผึตื ืขึทื ืฉืึฐืึดืืขึดื ืฉืึถื ืคึผึถืกึทื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืืึนืึธื ืึถืึฑืึนื ืึทืฆึผึธื, ืึผืึดืึฐืึทื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึนืืึทื ืึธืึตืฅ; ืึดื ึผึทืึดื ืึทืฃ ืฉืึดืฉืึผึธื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ืึธืึดืื". ืืึน ืึดืึผึธื ืึทืชึผืึนืจึธื, ืึผึธืึธืจ ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืึผึดืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึธืฆึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื, ืึนื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืขึทื ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึผึดืึฐืึทื ืึธืฆึธื, ืึถืึผึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืขึทื ืึทืึผึฐืึธื ืึผึปืึผืึน ืึธืฆึธื, ืึทื ืฉืึผึฐืึดืืขึดื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช ืึทืฃ ืฉืึดืฉืึผึธื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช; ืึธืืึนื ืึทืฃ ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึผึธืขึถืจึถื ืชึผึนืืึฐืืึผ ืึทืฆึผึนืช" โ ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืงึฐืึธืขืึน ืืึนืึธื (ืคืกืืื ืง"ื):
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| but on the preceding day you shall clear away all leaven.ย Heb. ืึผึทืืึนื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื. On the day before the holiday; it is called the first [day], because it is before the seven; [i.e., it is not the first of the seven days]. Indeed, we find [anything that is] the preceding one [is] called ืจึดืืฉืืึนื, e.g., ืึดืจึดืืฉืืึนื ืึธืึธื ืชึผึดืึธืึตื, โWere you born before Adam?โ (Job 15:7). Or perhaps it means only the first of the seven [days of Passover]. Therefore, Scripture states: โYou shall not slaughter with leaven [the blood of My sacrifice]โ (Exod. 34:25). You shall not slaughter the Passover sacrifice as long as the leaven still exists. โ [from Mechilta, Pes. 5a] [Since the Passover sacrifice may be slaughtered immediately after noon on the fourteenth day of Nissan, clearly the leaven must be removed before that time. Hence the expression ืึผึทืืึนื ืึธืจึดืืฉืืึนื must refer to the day preceding the festival.] |
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ืึทืึฐ ืึผึทืึผืึนื ืึธึฝืจึดืืฉืืึนื ืชึผึทืฉืึฐืึผึดืืชืึผ ืฉืืืจ.ย
ืึตืขึถืจึถื ืืึนื ืืึนื, ืึฐืงึธืจืึผื ืจึดืืฉืืึนื ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืึดืคึฐื ึตื ืึทืฉืึผึดืึฐืขึธื; ืึผืึธืฆึดืื ืึผ ืึปืงึฐืึผึธื ืงึธืจืึผื ืจึดืืฉืืึนื, "ืึฒืจึดืืืฉืืึนื ืึธืึธื ืชึผึดืึผึธืึตื" (ืืืื ื"ื) โ ืึฒืึดืคึฐื ึตื ืึธืึธื ื ืึนืึทืึฐืชึผึธ; ืืึน ืึตืื ืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืจึดืืฉืืึนื ืฉืึถื ืฉืึดืึฐืขึธื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ "ืึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืึทื ืขึทื ืึธืึตืฅ ืึฐืืึน'" (ืฉืืืช ื"ื) โ ืึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืึทื ืึทืคึผึถืกึทื ืึทืขึฒืึทืึดื ืึธืึตืฅ ืงึทืึผึธื (ืคืกืืื ื'):
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| that soul.ย When he [(the person) eats the leaven while he] is with his soul and his knowledge; this excludes one who commits the sin under coercion. โ [from Mechilta, Kid. 43a] |
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ืึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืึทืึดืื.ย
ืึผึฐืฉืึถืึดืื ืึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธืึผ ืึผืึฐืึทืขึฐืชึผึธืึผ โ ืคึผึฐืจึธื ืึฐืึธื ืึผืก (ืืืืืชื):
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| from Israel.ย I [could] understand that it [the soul] will be cut off from Israel and will [be able to] go to another people. Therefore, [to avoid this error] Scripture states elsewhere: โfrom before Meโ (Lev. 22:3), meaning: from every place which is My domain. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึดืึผึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื.ย
ืฉืืึนืึตืขึท ืึฒื ึดื ืชึผึดืึผึธืจึตืช ืึดืึผึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืชึตืึถืึฐ ืึธืึผ ืึฐืขึทื ืึทืึตืจ, ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืึผึฐืึธืงืึนื ืึทืึตืจ "ืึดืึผึฐืคึธื ึทื" (ืืืงืจื ื"ื) โ ืึผึฐืึธื ืึธืงืึนื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืชึดื:
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| 16And on the first day there shall be a holy convocation, and on the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation; no work may be performed on them, but what is eaten by any soul that alone may be performed for you. |
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ืืืึผืึทืึผึคืึนื ืึธึฝืจึดืืฉืืึนืึ ืึดืงึฐืจึธืึพืงึนึืึถืฉื ืึผืึทืึผืึนืึ ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดืืขึดึื ืึดืงึฐืจึธืึพืงึึนืึถืฉื ืึดึฝืึฐืึถึฃื ืึธืึถึื ืึผึธืึพืึฐืึธืืึธืึ ืึนืึพืึตึฝืขึธืฉืึถึฃื ืึธืึถึื ืึทึืึฐ ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึตึฝืึธืึตึฃื ืึฐืึธืึพื ึถึืคึถืฉื ืึฅืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึืึน ืึตึฝืขึธืฉืึถึฅื ืึธืึถึฝื: |
| a holy convocation.ย Heb. ืึดืงึฐืจึธื .ืึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนืึถืฉื is a noun. Call it [the day] holy with regard to eating, drinking, and clothing. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึดืงึฐืจึธืึพืงึนืึถืฉื.ย
ืืงืจื ืฉืึตื ืึผึธืึธืจ; ืงึฐืจึธื ืืึนืชืึน ืงืืฉ ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึผืฉืึฐืชึดืึผึธื ืึผืึฐืกืึผืช (ืืืืืชื):
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| no work may be performed on them.ย even through others. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึนืึพืึตึฝืขึธืฉืึถื ืึธืึถื.ย
ืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืขึทื ืึฐืึตื ืึฒืึตืจึดืื (ืฉื):
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| that alone.ย [I.e., the necessary work for food preparation.] (I would think that even for gentiles [it is allowed]. Therefore, Scripture states: โthat alone may be performed for you,โ for you but not for gentiles.) That [the work needed for food] but not its preparations that can be done on the eve of the festival [e.g., repairing a spit for roasting, or a stove for cooking]. โ [from Beitzah 28b] |
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ืืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผืึน.ย
"ืืึผื" ืึฐืึนื ืึทืึฐืฉืึดืืจึธืื ืฉืึถืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉืืึนืชึธื ืึตืขึถืจึถื ืืึนื ืืึนื (ืืืฆื ื"ื):
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| by any soul.ย Even for animals. I would think that even for gentiles. Therefore, Scripture states: โfor you.โ -[from Beitzah 21b, Mechilta] Another version: Therefore, Scripture states: โbut,โ which makes a distinction. โ [from Mechilta]. |
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ืึฐืึธืึพื ึถืคึถืฉื.ย
ืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืึดืึฐืึตืึธื; ืึธืืึนื ืึทืฃ ืึทืึผืึนืึดื, ืชึผึทืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึทืจ ืึธืึถื (ืืืืืชื):
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| 17And you shall watch over the unleavened cakes, for on this very day I have taken your legions out of the land of Egypt, and you shall observe this day throughout your generations, [as] an everlasting statute. |
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ืืืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถืึ ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึทืฆึผืึนืชึ ืึผึดึื ืึผึฐืขึถึจืฆึถืึ ืึทืึผึฃืึนื ืึทืึผึถึื ืืึนืฆึตึฅืืชึดื ืึถืชึพืฆึดืึฐืึฝืึนืชึตืืึถึื ืึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึธึืึดื ืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถึื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึฅืึนื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึฐืึนืจึฝึนืชึตืืึถึื ืึปืงึผึทึฅืช ืขืึนืึธึฝื: |
| And you shall watch over the unleavened cakes.ย that they should not become leavened. From here they [the Rabbis] derived that if [the dough] started to swell, she [the woman rolling it out] must moisten it with cold water. Rabbi Josiah says: Do not read:, ืึถืช-ืึทืึทืฆึผืึนืช, the unleavened cakes, ืึถืช-ืึทืึดืฆึฐืึนืช, the commandments. Just as we may not permit the matzoth to become leavened, so may we not permit the commandments to become leavened [i.e., to wait too long before we perform them], but if it [a commandment] comes into your hand, perform it immediately. โ [from Mechilta] |
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ืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึทืฆึผืึนืช.ย
ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึธืึนืืึผ ืึดืืึตื ืึดืึผืึผืฅ; ืึดืึผึธืื ืึธืึฐืจืึผ ืชึผึธืคึทื ืชึผึดืึฐืึนืฉื ืึผึฐืฆืึนื ึตื, ืจึทืึผึดื ืึนืืฉืึดืึผึธื ืืึนืึตืจ ืึทื ืชึผึฐืึดื ืงืึนืจึตื ืึถืช ืึทืึผึทืฆึผืึนืช, ืึถืึผึธื ืึถืช ืึทืึผึดืฆึฐืืึนืช โ ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืึฐ ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึทืึฒืึดืืฆึดืื ืึถืช ืึทืึผึทืฆึผึธื, ืึผึธืึฐ ืึตืื ืึทืึฒืึดืืฆึดืื ืึถืช ืึทืึผึดืฆึฐืึธื, ืึถืึผึธื ืึดื ืึผึธืึธื ืึฐืึธืึฐืึธ, ืขึฒืฉืึตื ืืึนืชึธืึผ ืึดืึผึธื (ืฉื):
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| and you shall observe this day.ย from [performing] work. |
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ืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื.ย
ืึดืึผึฐืึธืืึธื:
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| throughout your generations, [as] an everlasting statute.ย Since โgenerationsโ and โan everlasting statuteโ were not stated regarding the [prohibition of doing] work, but only regarding the celebration [sacrifice], the text repeats it here, so that you will not say that the warning of: โno work may be performedโ was not said for [later] generations, but only for that generation [of the Exodus]. |
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ืึฐืึนืจึฝึนืชึตืืึถื ืึปืงึผึทืช ืขืึนืึธึฝื.ย
ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืืืจืืช ืึฐืืงืช ืขืืื ืขึทื ืึทืึผึฐืึธืืึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืขึทื ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ืึธืึทืจ ืึผืฉืึฐื ึธืืึน ืึผึธืื, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืชึนืืึทืจ ืึทืึฐืึธืจึทืช ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืึนื ืึฐืืึนืจืึนืช ื ึถืึถืึฐืจึธื ืึถืึผึธื ืึฐืืึนืชืึน ืึทืึผืึนืจ:
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| 18In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, you shall eat unleavened cakes, until the twenty first day of the month in the evening. |
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ืืืึผึธึฝืจึดืืฉืึนึกื ืึผึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธืึฉ ืขึธืฉืึธึจืจ ืึคืึนื ืึทืึนึจืึถืฉืึ ืึผึธืขึถึืจึถื ืชึผึฝึนืืึฐืึืึผ ืึทืฆึผึึนืช ืขึทึ ื ืึฃืึนื ืึธึฝืึถืึธึงื ืึฐืขึถืฉืึฐืจึดึืื ืึทืึึนืึถืฉื ืึผึธืขึธึฝืจึถื: |
| until the twenty-first day.ย Why was this stated? Was it not already stated: โSeven days?โ Since it says โdays,โ how do we know โnightsโ [are included in the mitzvah or commandment]? Therefore, Scripture states: โuntil the twenty-first day, etc.โ -[from Mechilta] |
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ืขึทื ืืึนื ืึธึฝืึถืึธื ืึฐืขึถืฉืึฐืจึดืื.ย
ืึธืึผึธื ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ? ืึทืึฒืึนื ืึผึฐืึธืจ ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืฉืึดืึฐืขึทืช ืึธืึดืื"? ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึธืึดืื, ืึตืืืึนืช ืึดื ึผึทืึดื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืฉืจืื ืืื' (ืืืืืชื):
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| 19For seven days, leavening shall not be found in your houses, for whoever eats leavening that soul shall be cut off from the community of Israel, both among the strangers and the native born of the land. |
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ืืืฉืึดืึฐืขึทึฃืช ืึธืึดึืื ืฉืึฐืึนึืจ ืึนึฅื ืึดืึผึธืฆึตึื ืึผึฐืึธึฝืชึผึตืืึถึื ืึผึดึฃืย | ืึผึธืึพืึนืึตึฃื ืึทืึฐืึถึืฆึถืช ืึฐื ึดืึฐืจึฐืชึธึื ืึทื ึผึถึคืคึถืฉื ืึทืึดืืึ ืึตึฝืขึฒืึทึฃืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผึทืึผึตึืจ ืึผืึฐืึถืึฐืจึทึฅื ืึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅ: |
| shall not be found in your houses.ย How do we know [that the same ruling applies] to [leavening found within] the borders [outside the house]? Therefore, Scripture states: โthroughout all of your bordersโ (Exod. 13:7). Why, then, did Scripture state: โin your houses?โ [To teach us that] just as your house is in your domain, so [the prohibition against possessing leaven in] your borders [means only what is] in your domain. This excludes leaven belonging to a gentile which is in a Jewโs possession, and for which he [the Jew] did not accept responsibility. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึนื ืึดืึผึธืฆึตื ืึผึฐืึธึฝืชึผึตืืึถื.ย
ืึดื ึผึทืึดื ืึทืึฐึผืืึผืึดืื? ืชึผึทืึฐืืึผื ืึนืึนืึทืจ "ืึผึฐืึธื ืึผึฐืืึผืึถืึธ" (ืฉืืืช ื"ื); ืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืึผึฐืึธืชึผึตืืึถื? ืึทื ืึผึตืืชึฐืึธ ืึผึดืจึฐืฉืืึผืชึฐืึธ, ืึทืฃ ืึผึฐืืึผืึฐืึธ ืฉืึถืึผึดืจึฐืฉืืึผืชึฐืึธ, ืึธืฆึธื ืึฒืึตืฆืึน ืฉืึถื ื ึธืึฐืจึดื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืึตืฆึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืึนื ืงึดืึผึตื ืขึธืึธืื ืึทืึฒืจึธืืึผืช (ืืืืืชื):
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| for whoever eats leavening.ย [This passage comes] to punish with โkarethโ [premature death by the hands of Heaven] for [eating] leavening. But did He not already [give the] punishment for eating leaven? But [this verse is necessary] so that you should not say that [only] for [eating] leaven, which is edible, did He punish, but for [eating] leavening, which is not edible, He would not punish. [On the other hand,] if He punished [also] for [eating] leavening and did not [state that] He punished for [eating] leaven, I would say that [only] for [eating] leavening, which causes others to become leavened did He punish, [but] for [eating] leaven, which does not leaven others, He would not punish. Therefore, both of them had to be stated. โ [from Mechilta, Beitzah 7b] |
ย |
ืึผึดื ืึผึธืึพืึนืึตื ืึทืึฐืึถืฆึถืช.ย
ืึทืขึฒื ึนืฉื ืึผึธืจึตืช ืขึทื ืึทืฉืึผึฐืืึนืจ, ืึทืึฒืึนื ืึฐืึธืจ ืขึธื ึทืฉื ืขึทื ืึถืึธืึตืฅ? ืึถืึผึธื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืชึนืืึทืจ ืึธืึตืฅ ืฉืึถืจึธืืึผื ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืขึธื ึทืฉื ืขึธืึธืื, ืฉืึฐืืึนืจ ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืจึธืืึผื ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึนื ืึตืขึธื ึตืฉื ืขึธืึธืื; ืึฐืึดื ืขึธื ึทืฉื ืขึทื ืึทืฉืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึฐืึนื ืขึธื ึทืฉื ืขึทื ืึถืึธืึตืฅ, ืึธืึดืืชึดื ืืึนืึตืจ, ืฉืึฐืืึนืจ ืฉืึถืืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืฅ ืึฒืึตืจึดืื ืขึธื ึทืฉื ืขึธืึธืื, ืึธืึตืฅ ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืึฐืึทืึผึตืฅ ืึฒืึตืจึดืื ืึนื ืึตืขึธื ืฉื ืขึธืึธืื, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ื ึถืึถืึฐืจืึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตืืึถื (ืืืืืชื):
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| both among the strangers and the native born of the land.ย Since the miracle [of the Exodus] was performed for Israel, it was necessary to [explicitly] include the strangers [who were proselytized but are not descended from Israelite stock]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึทืึผึตืจ ืึผืึฐืึถืึฐืจึทื ืึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅ.ย
ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืึทื ึผึตืก ื ึทืขึฒืฉืึธื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื, ืึปืฆึฐืจึทืึฐ ืึฐืจึทืึผืึนืช ืึถืช ืึทืึผึตืจึดืื (ืฉื):
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| 20You shall not eat any leavening; throughout all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened cakes." |
ย |
ืืึผึธืึพืึทืึฐืึถึืฆึถืช ืึนึฃื ืชึนืืึตึืืึผ ืึผึฐืึนืึ ืึฝืึนืฉืึฐืึฃึนืชึตืืึถึื ืชึผึฝึนืืึฐืึืึผ ืึทืฆึผึฝืึนืช: |
| You shall not eatโฆ leavening.ย [This is] a warning against eating leavening. |
ย |
ืึทืึฐืึถืฆึถืช ืึนื ืชึนืืึตืืึผ.ย
ืึทืึฐืึธืจึธื ืขึทื ืึฒืึดืืึทืช ืฉืึฐืืึนืจ:
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| any leavening.ย This comes to include its mixture [namely that one may not eat a mixture of chametz and other foods]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึธืึพืึทืึฐืึถืฆึถืช.ย
ืึฐืึธืึดืื ืึถืช ืชึผึทืขึฒืจึธืึฐืชึผืึน:
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| throughout all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened cakes.ย This comes to teach that it [the matzah] must be fit to be eaten in all your dwelling places. This excludes the second tithe and the matzah loaves that accompany a thanksgiving offering, [which are not fit to be eaten in all dwelling places, but only in Jerusalem]. [This insert may be Rashiโs or the work of an earlier printer or copyist.]-[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึฐืึนื ืึฝืึนืฉืึฐืึนืชึตืืึถื ืชึนึผืืึฐืืึผ ืึทืฆึผึฝืึนืช.ย
ืึถื ืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืจึฐืืึผืึธื ืึฐืึตืึธืึตื ืึผึฐืึธื ืืึนืฉืึฐืึนืชึตืืึถื, ืคึผึฐืจึธื ืึฐืึทืขึฒืฉืึตืจ ืฉืึตื ึดื ืึฐืึทืึผืึนืช ืชึผืึนืึธื (ืืืืืชื):
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| 21Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, "Draw forth or buy for yourselves sheep for your families and slaughter the Passover sacrifice. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึดืงึฐืจึธึฅื ืืฉืึถึื ืึฐืึธืึพืึดืงึฐื ึตึฅื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึทืึผึฃึนืืึถืจ ืึฒืึตืึถึื ืึดึฝืฉืึฐืึืึผ ืึผืงึฐืึจืึผ ืึธืึถึฅื ืฆึึนืื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐืึฝึนืชึตืืึถึื ืึฐืฉืึทึฝืึฒืึฅืึผ ืึทืคึผึธึฝืกึทื: |
| Draw forth.ย Whoever has sheep shall draw from his own. |
ย |
ืึดึฝืฉืึฐืืึผ.ย
ืึดื ืฉืึถืึผึตืฉื ืืึน ืฆึนืื ืึดืึฐืฉืึนืึฐ ืึดืฉืึผึถืึผืึน:
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| or buy.ย Whoever has none shall buy from the market. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผืงึฐืืึผ.ย
ืึดื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืืึน ืึดืงึผึทื ืึดื ืึทืฉืึผืึผืง (ืฉื):
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| for your families.ย A lamb for a parental house. โ [from Mechilta 3] |
ย |
ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐืึฝึนืชึตืืึถื.ย
ืฉืึถื ืึฐืึตืืช ืึธืืึนืช:
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| 22And you shall take a bunch of hyssop and immerse [it] in the blood that is in the basin, and you shall extend to the lintel and to the two doorposts the blood that is in the basin, and you shall not go out, any man from the entrance of his house until morning. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึฐืงึทืึฐืชึผึถึื ืึฒืึปืึผึทึฃืช ืึตืึืึนื ืึผืึฐืึทืึฐืชึผึถืึ ืึผึทืึผึธึฃื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึผึทืกึผึทืฃึ ืึฐืึดืึผึทืขึฐืชึผึถึคื ืึถืึพืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืงืึนืฃึ ืึฐืึถืึพืฉืึฐืชึผึตึฃื ืึทืึผึฐืืึผืึนึืช ืึดืึพืึทืึผึธึื ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึผึทืกึผึธึืฃ ืึฐืึทืชึผึถึื ืึนึฅื ืชึตึฝืฆึฐืึืึผ ืึดึฅืืฉื ืึดืคึผึถึฝืชึทืึพืึผึตืืชึืึน ืขึทืึพืึผึฝึนืงึถืจ: |
| hyssop.ย Heb. ืึตืืึนื. A species of herb that has thin stalks. |
ย |
ืึตืืึนื.ย
ืึดืื ืึธืจึธืง ืฉืึถืึผึตืฉื ืืึน ืึผึดืึฐืขืึนืึดืื:
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| a bunch of hyssop.ย Three stalks are called a bunch. โ [Sukkah 13a] |
ย |
ืึฒืึปืึผึทืช ืึตืืึนื.ย
ืฉืึฐืืึนืฉืึธื ืงึฐืึธืึดืื ืงึฐืจืึผืึดืื ืึฒืึปืึผึธื (ืฉืืช ืง"ื):
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| that is in the basin.ย Heb. ืึผึทืกึผึทืฃ, in the vessel, like โsilver pitchers (ืกึดืคึผืึนืช)โ (II Kings 12:14). [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึผึทืกึผึทืฃ.ย
ืึผึทืึผึฐืึดื, ืึผึฐืืึน ืกึดืคึผืึนืช ืึผึถืกึถืฃ:
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| the blood that is in the basin.ย Why does the text repeat this? So that you should not say that [Scripture means] one immersion for [all] the three sprinklings. Therefore, it says again: โthat is in the basin,โ [to indicate] that every sprinkling shall be from the blood that is in the basin-for each touching an immersion [is necessary]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึดืึพืึทืึผึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึผึทืกึผึธืฃ.ย
ืึธืึผึธื ืึธืึทืจ ืึผืฉืึฐื ึธืืึน? ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืชึนืืึทืจ ืึฐืึดืืึธื ืึทืึทืช ืึดืฉืึฐืืึนืฉื ืึทืึผึทืชึผึธื ืึนืช, ืึฐืึธืึฐ ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืขืึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึทืกึผึทืฃ, ืึฐืฉืึถืชึผึฐืึตื ืึธื ื ึฐืชึดืื ึธื ืึผื ึฐืชึดืื ึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึทืกึผึทืฃ, ืขึทื ืึผึธื ืึทืึผึธืขึธื ืึฐืึดืืึธื (ืืืืืชื):
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| and you shall not go out, etc..ย This tells [us] that once the destroyer is given permission to destroy, he does not discriminate between righteous and wicked. And night is the time that destroyers are given permission, as it is said: โin which every beast of the forest moves aboutโ (Ps. 104:20). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืึทืชึผึถื ืึนื ืชึตึฝืฆึฐืืึผ ืืื'.ย
ืึทืึผึดืื, ืฉืึถืึผึตืึทืึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึผึฐื ึธื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดืืช ืึฐืึทืึผึตื, ืึตืื ืึน ืึทืึฐืึดืื ืึผึตืื ืฆึทืึผึดืืง ืึฐืจึธืฉืึธืข (ืฉื); ืึฐืึทืึฐืึธื ืจึฐืฉืืึผืช ืึทืึฐืึทืึผึฐืึดืื ืืึผื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึผืึน ืชึดืจึฐืึนืฉื ืึผึธื ืึทืึฐืชืึน ืึธืขึทืจ" (ืชืืืื ืง"ื):
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| 23The Lord will pass to smite the Egyptians, and He will see the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, and the Lord will pass over the entrance, and He will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses to smite [you]. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืขึธืึทึฃืจ ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืึดื ึฐืึผึฃึนืฃ ืึถืชึพืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดืึ ืึฐืจึธืึธึคื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืึ ืขึทืึพืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืงึืึนืฃ ืึฐืขึทึื ืฉืึฐืชึผึตึฃื ืึทืึผึฐืืึผืึึนืช ืึผืคึธืกึทึคื ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืขึทืึพืึทืคึผึถึืชึทื ืึฐืึนึคื ืึดืชึผึตืึ ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดึืืช ืึธืึฅึนื ืึถืึพืึผึธึฝืชึผึตืืึถึื ืึดื ึฐืึผึฝึนืฃ: |
| will pass over.ย Heb. ืึผืคึธืกึทื, and He will have pity. This may also be rendered: and He will skip over. See Rashi on verses 11 and 13. |
ย |
ืึผืคึธืกึทื.ย
ืึฐืึธืึทื, ืึฐืึตืฉื ืืึนืึทืจ ืึฐืึดืึผึตื:
|
| and He will not permit the destroyer.ย Heb. ืึฐืึนื ืึดืชึผึตื, lit., and will not give. [I.e.,] He will not grant him the ability to enter, as in โbut God did not permit him (ื ึฐืชึธื ืึน) to harm meโ (Gen. 31:7). |
ย |
ืึฐืึนื ืึดืชึผึตื ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดืืช.ย
ืึฐืึนื ืึดืชึผึตื ืืึน ืึฐืึนืึถืช ืึธืึนื, ืึผึฐืืึน "ืึฐืึนื ื ึฐืชึธื ืึน ืึฑืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึธืจึทืข ืขึดืึผึธืึดื" (ืืจืืฉืืช ื"ื):
|
| 24And you shall keep this matter as a statute for you and for your children forever. |
ย |
ืืืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถึื ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืึธึฃืจ ืึทืึผึถึื ืึฐืึธืงึพืึฐืึธึฅ ืึผืึฐืึธื ึถึืืึธ ืขึทืึพืขืึนืึธึฝื: |
| 25And it shall come to pass when you enter the land that the Lord will give you, as He spoke, that you shall observe this service. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึธืึธึื ืึผึดึฝืึพืชึธืึฃึนืืึผ ืึถืึพืึธืึธึืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึดืชึผึตึงื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึธืึถึื ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืึผึดืึผึตึืจ ืึผืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผึถึื ืึถืชึพืึธึฝืขึฒืึนืึธึฅื ืึทืึผึฝึนืืช: |
| And it shall come to pass when you enter.ย Scripture makes this commandment contingent upon their entry into the land, but in the desert, they were obligated only to bring one Passover sacrifice, the one they performed in the second year, [which they did] by divine mandate. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืึธื ืึผึดึฝืึพืชึธืึนืืึผ ืึถืึพืึธืึธืจึถืฅ.ย
ืชึผึธืึธื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืขึฒืืึนืึธื ืืึน ืึผึฐืึดืืึธืชึธื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ืึฐืึนื ื ึดืชึฐืึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึธืจ ืึถืึผึธื ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึถืึธื ืฉืึถืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึทืฉืึผึธื ึธื ืึทืฉืึผึตื ึดืืช ืขึทื ืคึผึดื ืึทืึผึดืึผืึผืจ:
|
| as He spoke.ย Now where did He speak? โAnd I will bring you to the land, etc.โ (Exod. 6:8). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึดืึผึตืจ.ย
ืึฐืึตืืึธื ืึผึดืึผึตืจ? "ืึฐืึตืึตืืชึดื ืึถืชึฐืึถื ืึถื ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฐืืึน'" (ืฉืืืช ื'):
|
| 26And it will come to pass if your children say to you, What is this service to you? |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึธืึธึื ืึผึดืึพืึฝึนืืึฐืจึฅืึผ ืึฒืึตืืึถึื ืึผึฐื ึตืืึถึื ืึธึื ืึธึฝืขึฒืึนืึธึฅื ืึทืึผึึนืืช ืึธืึถึฝื: |
| 27you shall say, It is a Passover sacrifice to the Lord, for He passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, and He saved our houses. And the people kneeled and prostrated themselves. |
ย |
ืืืึทึฝืึฒืึทืจึฐืชึผึถึกื ืึถึฝืึทืึพืคึผึถึจืกึทื ืึืึผื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืคึผึธึ ืกึทึ ื ืขึทืึพืึผึธืชึผึตึคื ืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืึ ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึผึฐื ึธืึฐืคึผึฅืึน ืึถืชึพืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึฐืึถืชึพืึผึธืชึผึตึฃืื ืึผ ืึดืฆึผึดึืื ืึทืึผึดืงึผึฅึนื ืึธืขึธึื ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทึฝืึฒืึฝืึผ: |
| And the people kneeled and prostrated themselves.ย [in thanksgiving] for the tidings of the redemption, the entry into the land [of Israel], and the tidings of the children that they would have. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึดืงึผึนื ืึธืขึธื.ย
ืขึทื ืึผึฐืฉืืึนืจึทืช ืึทืึผึฐืึปืึผึธื ืึผืึดืืึทืช ืึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึผืึฐืฉืืึนืจึทืช ืึทืึผึธื ึดืื ืฉืึถืึผึดืึฐืืึผ ืึธืึถื:
|
| 28So the children of Israel went and did; as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึตึฝืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึทืึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึืึผ ืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืฆึดืึผึธึงื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืชึพืืฉืึถึฅื ืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืจึึนื ืึผึตึฅื ืขึธืฉืึฝืึผ: |
| So the children of Israel went and did.ย Now did they already do [it]? Wasnโt this said to them on Rosh Chodesh? But since they accepted upon themselves [to do it], Scripture credits them for it as if they had [already] done [it]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึตึฝืึฐืืึผ ืึทืึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืืึผ ืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื.ย
ืึฐืึดื ืึผึฐืึธืจ ืขึธืฉืืึผ, ืึทืึฒืึนื ืึตืจึนืืฉื ืึนืึถืฉื ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึธืึถื? ืึถืึผึธื ืึดืึผึตืืึธื ืฉืึถืงึผึดืึผึฐืืึผ ืขึฒืึตืืึถื ืึทืขึฒืึถื ืขึฒืึตืืึถื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื ืึผึฐืึดืึผืึผ ืขึธืฉืืึผ (ืืืืืชื):
|
| went and did.ย Scripture counts also the going, to give reward for the going and reward for the deed. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึตึฝืึฐืืึผ ืึทืึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืืึผ.ย
ืึทืฃ ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึธื ึธื ืึทืึผึธืชืึผื, ืึดืชึผึตื ืฉืึธืึธืจ ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื ืึฐืฉืึธืึธืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉืึดืึผึธื (ืฉื):
|
| as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron.ย [This comes] to tell Israelโs praise, that they did not omit anything of all the commandments of Moses and Aaron. And what is the meaning of โso they did?โ Moses and Aaron also did so. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดืึผึธื ื' ืึถืชึพืืฉืึถื ืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืจึนื.ย
ืึฐืึทืึผึดืื ืฉืึดืึฐืึธื ืฉืึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึดืคึผึดืืืึผ ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึดืึผึธื ืึดืฆึฐืืึนืช ืึนืฉืึถื ืึฐืึทืึฒืจึนื, ืึผืึทืืึผ ืื ืขืฉื? ืึทืฃ ืึนืฉืึถื ืึฐืึทืึฒืจึนื ืึผึตื ืขึธืฉืืึผ (ืฉื):
|
| 29It came to pass at midnight, and the Lord smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who is in the dungeon, and every firstborn animal. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึฐืึดึฃืย | ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฆึดึฃื ืึทืึผึทึืึฐืึธื ืึทึฝืืึนืึธืึ ืึดืึผึธึฃื ืึธืึพืึผึฐืืึนืจึ ืึผึฐืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดืึ ืึดืึผึฐืึคึนืจ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนืึ ืึทืึผืฉืึตึฃื ืขึทืึพืึผึดืกึฐืึืึน ืขึทึื ืึผึฐืึฃืึนืจ ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดึื ืึฒืฉืึถึืจ ืึผึฐืึตึฃืืช ืึทืึผึืึนืจ ืึฐืึึนื ืึผึฐืึฅืึนืจ ืึผึฐืึตืึธึฝื: |
| and the Lord.ย Heb. ืึทื. Wherever it says, โand the Lord,โ it means โHe and His tribunalโ (Exod. Rabbah 12:4), for the โvavโ is an expression of addition, like โso-and-so and (โvavโ ) so-and-so.โ |
ย |
ืื'.ย
ืึผึธื ืึธืงืึนื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึทื'" ืืึผื ืึผืึตืืช ืึผึดืื ืึน, ืฉืึถืึทืึผึธื"ื ืึฐืฉืืึนื ืชึผืึนืกึถืคึถืช ืืึผื, ืึผึฐืืึน ืคึผึฐืืึนื ึดื ืึผืคึฐืืึนื ึดื:
|
| smote every firstborn.ย Even [a firstborn] of another nation who was in Egypt. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึดืึผึธื ืึธืึพืึผึฐืืึนืจ.ย
ืึทืฃ ืฉืึถื ืึปืึผึธื ืึทืึถืจึถืช ืึฐืืึผื ืึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื (ืืืืืชื):
|
| from the firstborn of Pharaoh.ย Pharaoh, too, was a firstborn, but he remained [alive] of the firstborn. Concerning him, He [God] says: โBut, for this [reason] I have allowed you to stand, in order to show you My strengthโ (Exod. 9:16) at the Red Sea. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึดืึผึฐืึนืจ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื.ย
ืึทืฃ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึธืึธื, ืึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืึผึตืจ ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืืึนืจืึนืช, ืึฐืขึธืึธืื ืืึผื ืืึนืึตืจ "ืึผึทืขึฒืืึผืจ ืึทืจึฐืืึนืชึฐืึธ ืึถืช ืึผึนืึดื" (ืฉืืืช ื') โ ืึผึฐืึทื ืกืึผืฃ (ืืืืืชื):
|
| to the firstborn of the captive.ย Because they rejoiced at Israelโs misfortune (Tanchuma 7), and furthermore, so that they would not say, โOur deity brought about this retributionโ (Mechilta). The firstborn of the slave woman was included, because [Scripture] counts from the most esteemed to the lowest, and the firstborn of the slave woman is more esteemed than the firstborn of the captive. See commentary on Exodus 11:5. |
ย |
ืขึทื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึทืฉึผืึฐืึดื.ย
ืฉืึถืึธืืึผ ืฉืึฐืึตืึดืื ืึฐืึตืืึธื ืฉืึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื; ืึฐืขืึนื, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึนืืึฐืจืึผ ืึดืจึฐืึธืชึตื ืึผ ืึตืึดืืึธื ืึทืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ืึผืช; ืึผืึฐืืึนืจ ืึทืฉืึผึดืคึฐืึธื ืึผึดืึฐืึธื ืึธืึธื, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ืึธื ึธื ืึดื ืึถืึธืฉืืึผื ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึปืึผึธื ืขึทื ืึทืคึผึธืืึผืช, ืึผืึฐืืึนืจ ืึทืฉืึผึดืคึฐืึธื ืึธืฉืืึผื ืึดืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึทืฉืึผึฐืึดื:
|
| 30And Pharaoh arose at night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great outcry in Egypt, for there was no house in which no one was dead. |
ย |
ืืึทืึผึธึจืงึธื ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนึื ืึทึืึฐืึธื ืึคืึผื ืึฐืึธืึพืขึฒืึธืึธืืึ ืึฐืึธืึพืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึทืชึผึฐืึดึื ืฆึฐืขึธืงึธึฅื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึธึืึดื ืึผึดืึพืึตึฃืื ืึผึทึืึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืึตึฝืืึพืฉืึธึื ืึตึฝืช: |
| And Pharaoh arose.ย from his bed. |
ย |
ืึทืึผึธืงึธื ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื.ย
ืึดืึผึดืึผึธืชืึน:
|
| at night.ย Unlike the custom of kings, [who rise] three hours after daybreak. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึฐืึธื.ย
ืึฐืึนื ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืึฐ ืึทืึผึฐืึธืึดืื ืึผึฐืฉืึธืืึนืฉื ืฉืึธืขืึนืช ืึผึทืึผืึนื (ืฉื):
|
| he.ย [arose] first, and afterwards his servants. This teaches us that he went around to his servantsโ houses and woke them up. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืืึผื.ย
ืชึผึฐืึดืึผึธื, ืึฐืึทืึทืจ ืึผึธืึฐ ืขืืืื, ืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืืึผื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ ืขึทื ืึผึธืชึผึตื ืขึฒืึธืึธืื ืึผืึทืขึฒืึดืืึธื (ืฉื):
|
| for there was no house in which no one was dead.ย If there was a firstborn, he was dead. If there was no firstborn, the oldest household member was called the firstborn, as it is said: โI, too, shall make him [David] a firstbornโ (Ps. 89:28) (Tanchuma Buber 19). [Rashi explains there: I shall make him great.] Another explanation: Some Egyptian women were unfaithful to their husbands and bore children from bachelors. Thus they would have many firstborn; sometimes one woman would have five, each one the firstborn of his father (Mechilta 13:33). |
ย |
ืึผึดืึพืึตืื ืึผึทืึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตืื ืฉืึธื ืึตึฝืช.ย
ืึตืฉื ืฉืึธื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ, ืึตืช, ืึตืื ืฉืึธื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ, ืึผึธืืึนื ืฉืึถืึผึทืึผึทืึดืช ืงึธืจืึผื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึทืฃ ืึฒื ึดื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึถืชึผึฐื ึตืืึผ" (ืชืืืืื ืค"ื). ืึผึธืึธืจ ืึทืึตืจ, ืึดืฆึฐืจึดืึผืึนืช ืึฐืึทื ึผืึนืช ืชึผึทืึทืช ืึผึทืขึฐืึตืืึถื ืึฐืืึนืึฐืืึนืช ืึตืจึทืึผึธืงึดืื ืคึผึฐื ืึผืึดืื, ืึฐืึธืืึผ ืึธืึถื ืึผึฐืืึนืจืึนืช ืึทืจึฐืึผึตื, ืคึผึฐืขึธืึดืื ืึฒืึดืฉืึผึธื ืึฐืึดืฉืึผึธื ืึทืึทืช, ืึผึธื ืึถืึธื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ ืึฐืึธืึดืื:
|
| 31So he called for Moses and Aaron at night, and he said, "Get up and get out from among my people, both you, as well as the children of Israel, and go, worship the Lord as you have spoken. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึดืงึฐืจึธืึฉ ืึฐืืฉืึถึจื ืึผืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึทึืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึนึจืืึถืจึ ืงึคืึผืืึผ ืฆึผืืึผึ ืึดืชึผึฃืึนืึฐ ืขึทืึผึดึื ืึผึทืึพืึทืชึผึถึื ืึผึทืึพืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผืึฐืึืึผ ืขึดืึฐืึฅืึผ ืึถืชึพืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึผึฐืึทืึผึถืจึฐืึถึฝื: |
| So he called for Moses and Aaron at night.ย [This] tells [us] that Pharaoh went around to the entrances [i.e., to the doors of the houses] of the city, and cried out, โWhere is Moses staying? Where is Aaron staying?โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึฐืืฉืึถื ืึผืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืจึนื ืึทืึฐืึธื.ย
ืึทืึผึดืื ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ ืขึทื ืคึผึดืชึฐืึตื ืึธืขึดืืจ ืึฐืฆืึนืขึตืง, ืึตืืึธื ืึนืฉืึถื ืฉืึธืจืึผื? ืึตืืึธื ืึทืึฒืจึนื ืฉืึธืจืึผื? (ืืืืืชื):
|
| both you.ย the men. |
ย |
ืึผึทืึพืึทืชึผึถื.ย
ืึทืึผึฐืึธืจึดืื:
|
| as well as the children of Israel.ย The young children. |
ย |
ืึผึทืึพืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื.ย
ืึทืึผึทืฃ:
|
| and go, worship the Lord as you have spoken.ย Everything is as you said, not as I said. โNeither will I let Israel outโ (Exod. 5:2) is nullified. โWho and who are going?โ (Exod. 10:8) is nullified. โBut your flocks and your cattle shall be leftโ (Exod. 10:24) is nullified. [Instead,] take also your flocks and also your cattle. What is [the meaning of] โas you have spokenโ ? You too shall give into our hands sacrifices and burnt offerings (Exod. 10:25). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผืึฐืืึผ ืขึดืึฐืืึผ ืึถืชึพื' ืึผึฐืึทืึผึถืจึฐืึถึฝื.ย
ืึทืึผึนื ืึผึฐืืึน ืฉืึถืึฒืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึฐืึนื ืึผึฐืฉืึถืึธืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื ืึฒื ึดื; ืึผึธืึตื "ืึนื ืึฒืฉืึทืึผึตืึท", ืึผึธืึตื "ืึดื ืึธืึดื ืึทืืึนืึฐืึดืื", ืึผึธืึตื "ืจึทืง ืฆึนืื ึฐืึถื ืึผืึฐืงึธืจึฐืึถื ืึปืฆึผึธื":
|
| 32Take also your flocks and also your cattle, as you have spoken, and go, but you shall also bless me." |
ย |
ืืืึผึทืึพืฆึฝึนืื ึฐืึถึจื ืึผึทืึพืึผึฐืงึทืจึฐืึถึฅื ืงึฐืึืึผ ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืึผึดืึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถึื ืึธืึตึืืึผ ืึผืึตึฝืจึทืึฐืชึผึถึื ืึผึทืึพืึนืชึดึฝื: |
| Take also your flocks and also your cattle
.ย What does "as you have spoken" mean? You too should give us sacrifices and free will offerings. |
ย |
ืึผึทืึพืฆึฝึนืื ึฐืึถื ืึผึทืึพืึผึฐืงึทืจึฐืึถื ืงึฐืืึผ.ย
ืึผืึทืืึผ ืืืฉืจ ืืืจืชื? "ืึผึทื ืึทืชึผึธื ืชึผึดืชึผึตื ืึผึฐืึธืึตื ืึผ ืึฐืึธืึดืื ืึฐืขึนืึนืช" (ืฉืืืช ื'), ืงึฐืืึผ ืึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึดืึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื:
|
| Takeโฆ as you have spokenโฆ but you shall also bless me.ย [I.e.,] pray for me that I shall not die, for I am a firstborn. โ [from Onkelos] |
ย |
ืึผืึตึฝืจึทืึฐืชึผึถื ืึผึทืึพืึนืชึดึฝื.ย
ืึดืชึฐืคึผึทืึผึฐืืึผ ืขึธืึทื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึธืืึผืช, ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ:
|
| 33So the Egyptians took hold of the people to hasten to send them out of the land, for they said, "We are all dead." |
ย |
ืืืึทืชึผึถึฝืึฑืึทึคืง ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึจืึดืึ ืขึทืึพืึธืขึธึื ืึฐืึทืึตึืจ ืึฐืฉืึทืึผึฐืึธึฃื ืึดืึพืึธืึธึืจึถืฅ ืึผึดึฅื ืึธึฝืึฐืจึืึผ ืึผึปืึผึธึฅื ืึผ ืึตืชึดึฝืื: |
| We are all dead.ย They said, โThis is not in accordance with Mosesโ decree, for he said, โAnd every firstborn in the land of Egypt will dieโ (Exod. 11:5), but here, the ordinary people too are dead, five or ten in one house.โ -[from Mechilta] See Rashi on verse 30. |
ย |
ืึผึปืึผึธื ืึผ ืึตืชึดึฝืื.ย
ืึธืึฐืจืึผ ืึนื ืึดืึฐืึตืจึทืช ืึนืฉืึถื ืืึผื, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ืึธืึทืจ "ืึผืึตืช ืึผึธื ืึผึฐืืึนืจ", ืึฐืึธืื ืึทืฃ ืึทืคึผึฐืฉืืึผืึดืื ืึตืชึดืื, ืึฒืึดืฉืึผึธื ืืึน ืขึฒืฉืึธืจึธื ืึผึฐืึทืึดืช ืึถืึธื:
|
| 34The people picked up their dough when it was not yet leavened, their leftovers bound in their garments on their shoulders. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึดืฉึผืึธึฅื ืึธืขึธึื ืึถืชึพืึผึฐืฆึตืงึืึน ืึถึฃืจึถื ืึถืึฐืึธึืฅ ืึดืฉืึฐืึฒืจึนืชึธึื ืฆึฐืจึปืจึฅึนืช ืึผึฐืฉืึดืึฐืึนืชึธึื ืขึทืึพืฉืึดืึฐืึธึฝื: |
| when it was not yet leavened.ย The Egyptians did not permit them to tarry long enough for it to leaven. |
ย |
ืึถืจึถื ืึถืึฐืึธืฅ.ย
ืึทืึผึดืฆึฐืจึดืื ืึนื ืึดื ึผึดืืืึผื ืึดืฉืึฐืืึนืช ืึผึฐืึตื ืึดืึผืึผืฅ:
|
| their leftovers.ย Heb. ืึดืฉืึฐืึดืจึนืชึธื. The remaining matzah and bitter herbs. โ [from Mechilta and Jonathan] |
ย |
ืึดืฉืึฐืึฒืจึนืชึธื.ย
ืฉืึฐืึธืจึตื ืึทืฆึผึธื ืึผืึธืจืึนืจ.
|
| on their shoulders.ย Although they took many animals with them, they [carried the remaining matzoth and bitter herbs on their shoulders because] they loved the mitzvoth. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืขึทืึพืฉืึดืึฐืึธึฝื.ย
ืึทืฃ ืขึทื ืคึผึดื ืฉืึถืึผึฐืึตืืึนืช ืึทืจึฐืึผึตื ืืึนืึดืืืึผ ืขึดืึผึธืึถื, ืึฐืึทืึผึฐืึดืื ืึธืืึผ ืึถืช ืึทืึผึดืฆึฐืึธื:
|
| 35And the children of Israel did according to Moses' order, and they borrowed from the Egyptians silver objects, golden objects, and garments. |
ย |
ืืืึผืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึฅื ืขึธืฉืึืึผ ืึผึดืึฐืึทึฃืจ ืืฉืึถึื ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึฒืืึผึ ืึดืึผึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึผึฐืึตืึพืึถึืกึถืฃ ืึผืึฐืึตึฅื ืึธืึธึื ืึผืฉืึฐืึธืึนึฝืช: |
| according to Mosesโ order.ย that he said to them in Egypt: โand let them borrow, each man from his friendโ (Exod. 11:2). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึดืึฐืึทืจ ืืฉืึถื.ย
ืฉืึถืึธืึทืจ ืึธืึถื ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื, "ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืึฒืืึผ ืึดืืฉื ืึตืึตืช ืจึตืขึตืืึผ":
|
| and garments.ย These meant more to them than the silver and the gold, and [thus] whatever is mentioned later in the verse is more esteemed. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผืฉืึฐืึธืึนึฝืช.ย
ืึทืฃ ืึตื ืึธืืึผ ืึฒืฉืืึผืืึนืช ืึธืึถื ืึดื ืึทืึผึถืกึถืฃ ืึผืึดื ืึทืึผึธืึธื, ืึฐืึทืึฐืึปืึธืจ ืึผึทืคึผึธืกืึผืง ืึธืฉืืึผื:
|
| 36The Lord gave the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, and they lent them, and they emptied out Egypt. |
ย |
ืืืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ื ึธืชึทึจื ืึถืชึพืึตึฅื ืึธืขึธึื ืึผึฐืขึตืื ึตึฅื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดืึืึผื ืึทืึฐื ึทืฆึผึฐืึืึผ ืึถืชึพืึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝืึดื: |
| and they lent them.ย Even what they [the Israelites] did not request, they [the Egyptians] gave them. You say, โ[Lend me] one.โ [They responded,] โTake two and go!โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดืืึผื.ย
ืึทืฃ ืึทื ืฉืึผึถืึผึนื ืึธืืึผ ืฉืืึนืึฒืึดืื ืึตืึถื ืึธืืึผ ื ืึนืชึฐื ึดืื ืึธืึถื, ืึทืชึผึธื ืืึนืึตืจ ืึถืึธื? ืึนื ืฉืึฐื ึทืึดื ืึธืึตืึฐ.
|
| and they emptied out.ย Heb. ืึทืึฐื ึทืฆึฐืืึผ. Onkelos renders: ืึฐืจืึนืงึดืื ืึผ, and they emptied out. |
ย |
ืึทืึฐื ึทืฆึผึฐืืึผ.ย
ืึฐืจืึนืงึดืื ืึผ:
|
| 37The children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot, the men, besides the young children. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึดืกึฐืขึงืึผ ืึฐื ึตึฝืึพืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึตึฝืจึทืขึฐืึฐืกึตึืก ืกึปืึผึึนืชึธื ืึผึฐืฉืึตึฝืฉืึพืึตืึจืึนืช ืึถึงืึถืฃ ืจึทืึฐืึดึื ืึทืึผึฐืึธืจึดึืื ืึฐืึทื ืึดืึผึธึฝืฃ: |
| from Rameses to Succoth.ย They were 120 โmilโ [apart]. Yet they arrived there instantly, as it is said: โand I carried you on eaglesโ wings.โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึตึฝืจึทืขึฐืึฐืกึตืก ืกึปืึผึนืชึธื.ย
ืึตืึธื ืึฐืขึถืฉืึฐืจึดืื ืึดืื ืึธืืึผ, ืึผืึธืืึผ ืฉืึธื ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึธืขึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึธืึถืฉืึผึธื ืึถืชึฐืึถื ืขึทื ืึผึทื ึฐืคึตื ื ึฐืฉืึธืจึดืื" (ืฉืืืช ื"ื):
|
| the men.ย from 20 years old and older. โ [from Song Rabbah 3:6] |
ย |
ืึทืึผึฐืึธืจึดืื.ย
ืึดืึผึถื ืขึถืฉืึฐืจึดืื ืฉืึธื ึธื ืึธืึทืขึฐืึธื (ืฉื"ืฉ ืจืื ื, ื):
|
| 38And also, a great mixed multitude went up with them, and flocks and cattle, very much livestock. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึทืึพืขึตึฅืจึถื ืจึทึื ืขึธืึธึฃื ืึดืชึผึธึื ืึฐืฆึฃึนืื ืึผืึธืงึธึืจ ืึดืงึฐื ึถึื ืึผึธืึตึฅื ืึฐืึฝึนื: |
| a great mixed multitude.ย A mixture of nations of proselytes. โ [from Zohar, vol. 2, p. 45b] |
ย |
ืขึตืจึถื ืจึทื.ย
ืชึผึทืขึฒืจึนืึถืช ืึปืึผืึนืช ืฉืึถื ืึผึตืจึดืื:
|
| 39They baked the dough that they had taken out of Egypt as unleavened cakes, for it had not leavened, for they were driven out of Egypt, and they could not tarry, and also, they had not made provisions for themselves. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึนืืคึจืึผ ืึถืชึพืึทืึผึธืฆึตึืง ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืืึนืฆึดึงืืืึผ ืึดืึผึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืขึปืึฅึนืช ืึทืฆึผึืึนืช ืึผึดึฃื ืึนึฃื ืึธืึตึืฅ ืึผึดืึพืึฝึนืจึฐืฉืึฃืึผ ืึดืึผึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึฐืึนึคื ืึธึฝืึฐืืึผึ ืึฐืึดืชึฐืึทืึฐืึตึืึผึท ืึฐืึทืึพืฆึตืึธึื ืึนึฝืึพืขึธืฉืึฅืึผ ืึธืึถึฝื: |
| matzah cakes.ย cakes of matzah. Dough which did not leaven is called matzah. |
ย |
ืขึปืึนืช ืึทืฆึผืึนืช.ย
ืึฒืจึธืจึธื ืฉืึถื ืึทืฆึผึธื; ืึผึธืฆึตืง ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึถืึฑืึดืืฅ ืงึธืจืึผื ืึทืฆึผึธื:
|
| and also, they had not made provisions for themselves.ย for the trip. [This verse] tells [of] Israelโs praise, [namely] that they did not say, โHow will we go out into the desert without provisions?โ Instead they believed and left. This is what is stated explicitly in the Prophets: โI remember to you the loving kindness of your youth, the love of your nuptials, your following Me in the desert, in a land not sownโ (Jer. 2:2). Now what was the [Israelitesโ] reward? It is explained afterward: โIsrael is holy to the Lord, etc.โ (Jer. 2:3). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืึทืึพืฆึตืึธื ืึนื ืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึธืึถึฝื.ย
ืึทืึผึถืจึถืึฐ. ืึทืึผึดืื ืฉืึดืึฐืึธื ืฉืึถื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึธืึฐืจืึผ ืึตืืึทืึฐ ื ึตืฆึตื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึธืจ ืึผึฐืึนื ืฆึตืืึธื? ืึถืึผึธื ืึถืึฑืึดืื ืึผ ืึฐืึธืึฐืืึผ; ืืึผื ืฉืึถืึผึฐืคึนืจึธืฉื ืึผึทืงึผึทืึผึธืึธื, "ืึธืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื ืึธืึฐ ืึถืกึถื ื ึฐืขืึผืจึทืึดืึฐ ืึทืึฒืึทืช ืึผึฐืืึผืึนืชึธืึดืึฐ ืึถืึฐืชึผึตืึฐ ืึทืึฒืจึทื ืึผึทืึผึดืึฐืึผึธืจ ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื ืึฐืจืึผืขึธื" (ืืจืืืื ื'), ืึทื ืฉืึผึธืึธืจ ืึฐืคึนืจึธืฉื ืึทืึฒืจึธืื? "ืงึนืึถืฉื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึทื' ืึฐืืึน'":
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| 40And the habitation of the children of Israel, that they dwelled in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. |
ย |
ืืึผืืึนืฉืึทืึ ืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืึธึฝืฉืึฐืึืึผ ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึธึืึดื ืฉืึฐืืฉืึดึฃืื ืฉืึธื ึธึื ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึทึฅืข ืึตืึืึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธึฝื: |
| that they dwelled in Egypt.ย after the other dwellings in which they dwelled as foreigners in a land that was not theirs. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธึฝืฉืึฐืืึผ ืึผึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึธืึดื.ย
ืึทืึทืจ ืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืึทืึฐืฉืึดืืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึผึธืฉืึฐืืึผ ืึผึตืจึดืื ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื ืึธืึถื:
|
| was four hundred and thirty years.ย Altogether, from the time that Isaac was born, until now, were 400 years. From the time that Abraham had seed [i.e., had a child, the prophecy] โthat your seed will be strangersโ (Gen. 15:13) was fulfilled; and there were another 30 years from the decree โbetween the partsโ (Gen 15:10) until Isaac was born. It is impossible, however, to say that [they spent 400 years] in Egypt alone, because Kehath [the grandfather of Moses] was [one] of those who came with Jacob. Go and figure all his years, all the years of his son Amram, and Mosesโ 80 years; you will not find them [to be] that many, and perforce, Kehath lived many of his years before he descended to Egypt, and many of Amramโs years are included in the years of Kehath, and many of Mosesโ years are included in Amramโs years. Hence, you will not find 400 years counting from their arrival in Egypt. You are compelled, perforce, to say that the other dwellings [which the Patriarchs settled] were also called being โsojourningsโ and even in Hebron, as it is said: โwhere Abraham and Isaac sojourned (ืึผึธืจืึผ) โ (Gen. 35:27), and [Scripture] states also โthe land of their sojournings in which they sojournedโ (Exod. 6:4). Therefore, you must say that [the prophecy] โyour seed will be strangersโ [commences] when he [Abraham] had offspring. And only when you count 400 years from the time that Isaac was born, you will find 210 years from their entry into Egypt. This is one of the things that [the Sages] changed for King Ptolemy. โ [from Mechilta, Meg. 9a] |
ย |
ืฉืึฐืืฉืึดืื ืฉืึธื ึธื ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึทืข ืึตืืึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธื.ย
ืึผึตืื ืึทืึผึนื, ืึดืฉืึผึถื ึผืึนืึทื ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง ืขึทื ืขึทืึฐืฉืึธื, ืึธืืึผ ืึทืจึฐืึผึทืข ืึตืืึนืช, ืึดืฉืึผึถืึธืึธื ืืึน ืึถืจึทืข ืึฐืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ื ึดืชึฐืงึทืึผึตื ืึผึดื ืึตืจ ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึทืจึฐืขึฒืึธ, ืึผืฉืึฐืึนืฉืึดืื ืฉืึธื ึธื ืึธืืึผ ืึดืฉืึถื ึผึดืึฐืึฐืจึธื ืึฐืึตืจึทืช ืึผึตืื ืึทืึผึฐืชึธืจึดืื ืขึทื ืฉืึถื ึผืึนืึทื ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง; ืึฐืึดื ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืืึนืึทืจ ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืึฐืึทืึผึธืึผ, ืฉืึถืึฒืจึตื ืงึฐืึธืช ืึดื ืึทืึผึธืึดืื ืขึดื ืึทืขึฒืงึนื ืึธืึธื, ืฆึตื ืึทืึฒืฉืึนื ืึผึธื ืฉืึฐื ืึนืชึธืื ืึฐืึธื ืฉืึฐื ืึนืช ืขึทืึฐืจึธื ืึผึฐื ืึน ืึผืฉืึฐืืึนื ึดืื ืฉืึถื ืึนืฉืึถื, ืึนื ืชึดืึฐืฆึธืึตื ืึผึธื ืึผึธืึฐ, ืึฐืขึทื ืึผึธืจึฐืึฒืึธ ืึทืจึฐืึผึตื ืฉืึธื ึดืื ืึธืืึผ ืึดืงึฐืึธืช ืขึทื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึธืจึทื ืึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื, ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึตื ืึดืฉืึผึฐื ืึนืช ืขึทืึฐืจึธื ื ึดืึฐืึธืขึดืื ืึผึดืฉืึฐื ืึนืช ืงึฐืึธืช, ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึตื ืึดืฉืึผึฐืืึนื ึดืื ืฉืึถื ืึนืฉืึถื ื ึดืึฐืึธืขึดืื ืึผึดืฉืึฐื ืึนืช ืขึทืึฐืจึธื, ืึฒืจึตื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืชึดืึฐืฆึธื ืึทืจึฐืึผึทืข ืึตืืึนืช ืึฐืึดืืึทืช ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื, ืึฐืึปืึฐืงึทืงึฐืชึผึธื ืืึนืึทืจ ืขึทื ืึผึธืจึฐืึฒืึธ, ืฉืึถืึทืฃ ืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืึทืึฐืฉืึดืืืึนืช ื ึดืงึฐืจึฐืืึผ ืึผึตืจืึผืช ืึทืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืึฐืึถืึฐืจืึนื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึธืจ ืฉืึธื ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ืึฐืึดืฆึฐืึธืง" (ืืจืืฉืืช ื"ื), ืึฐืืึนืึตืจ "ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฐืึปืจึตืืึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึธืจืึผ ืึธืึผ" (ืฉืืืช ื'), ืึฐืคึดืืึธืึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื ืฆึธืจึดืืึฐ ืืึนืึทืจ "ืึผึดื ืึตืจ ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึทืจึฐืขึฒืึธ" ืึดืฉืึผึถืึธืึธื ืืึน ืึถืจึทืข, ืึผืึฐืฉืึถืชึผึดืึฐื ึถื ืช' ืฉืึธื ึธื ืึดืฉืึผึถื ึผืึนืึทื ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง, ืชึผึดืึฐืฆึธื ืึดืึผึดืืึธืชึธื ืึฐืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื ืขึทื ืึฐืฆึดืืึธืชึธื ืจ"ื, ืึฐืึถื ืึถืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึฐืึธืจึดืื ืฉืึถืฉืึผึดื ึผืึผ ืึฐืชึทืึฐืึทื ืึทืึผึถืึถืึฐ (ืืืืื ื'):
|
| 41It came to pass at the end of four hundred and thirty years, and it came to pass in that very day, that all the legions of the Lord went out of the land of Egypt. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึฐืึดึื ืึดืงึผึตืฅึ ืฉืึฐืืฉืึดึฃืื ืฉืึธื ึธึื ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึทึฅืข ืึตืึืึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธึื ืึทืึฐืึดึื ืึผึฐืขึถึจืฆึถืึ ืึทืึผึฃืึนื ืึทืึผึถึื ืึธึฝืฆึฐืึืึผ ืึผึธืึพืฆึดืึฐืึฅืึนืช ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝืึดื: |
| It came to pass at the end of four hundred and thirty years, and it came to pass in that very day.ย [This] tells [us] that as soon as the end [of this period] arrived, the Omnipresent did not keep them [even] as long as the blink of an eye. On the fifteenth of Nissan, the angels came to Abraham to bring him tidings. On the fifteenth of Nissan Isaac was born; on the fifteenth of Nissan the decree of โbetween the partsโ was decreed. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึดืงึผึตืฅ ืฉืึฐืืฉืึดืื ืฉืึธื ึธื ืืื' ืึทืึฐืึดื ืึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึทืึผึถื.ย
ืึทืึผึดืื, ืฉืึถืึผึตืืึธื ืฉืึถืึดืึผึดืืขึท ืึทืงึผึตืฅ ืึนื ืขึดืึผึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึธืงืึนื ืึผึฐืึถืจึถืฃ ืขึทืึดื โ ืึผึฐื"ื ืึฐื ึดืืกึธื ืึผึธืืึผ ืึทืึฐืึฒืึตื ืึทืฉืึผึธืจึตืช ืึตืฆึถื ืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื ืึฐืึทืฉืึผึฐืจืึน, ืึผืึฐื"ื ืึผึฐื ึดืืกึธื ื ืึนืึทื ืึดืฆึฐืึธืง, ืึผืึฐื"ื ืึผึฐื ึดืืกึธื ื ึดืึฐืึฐืจึธื ืึผึฐืึตืจึทืช ืึผึตืื ืึทืึผึฐืชึธืจึดืื:
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| 42It is a night of anticipation for the Lord, to take them out of the land of Egypt; this night is the Lord's, guarding all the children of Israel throughout their generations. |
ย |
ืืืึตึฃืื ืฉืึดืึผึปืจึดึฅืื ืืึผืึ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืึฐืึฝืึนืฆึดืืึธึื ืึตืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึธึืึดื ืึฝืึผืึพืึทืึผึทึคืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึถืึ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธึื ืฉืึดืึผึปืจึดึืื ืึฐืึธืึพืึผึฐื ึตึฅื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึฐืึฝึนืจึนืชึธึฝื: |
| It is a night of anticipation.ย for which the Holy One, blessed be He, was waiting and anticipating, [in order] to fulfill His promise to take them out of the land of Egypt. |
ย |
ืึตืื ืฉืึดืึผึปืจึดืื.ย
ืฉืึถืึธืึธื ืึทืงึธึผืืึนืฉื ืึธึผืจืึผืึฐ ืืึผื ืฉืืึนืึตืจ ืึผืึฐืฆึทืคึผึถื ืืึน, ืึฐืงึทืึผึตื ืึทืึฐืึธืึธืชืึน ืืืืฆืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื:
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| this night is the Lordโs.ย This is the night concerning which He said to Abraham, โOn this night I will redeem your children.โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืืึผื ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึถื ืื'.ย
ืืึผื ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืฉืึถืึธืึทืจ ืึฐืึทืึฐืจึธืึธื, ืึผึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืึทืึผึถื ืึฒื ึดื ืืึนืึตื ืึถืช ืึผึธื ึถืืึธ (ืืืืืชื):
|
| guarding all the children of Israel throughout their generations.ย from that time onward, it [the Israelites] is guarded from harmful spirits, like the matter that is stated: โand He will not permit the destroyer, etc.โ (above verse 23). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืฉืึดืึผึปืจึดืื ืึฐืึธืึพืึผึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืึฝึนืจึนืชึธึฝื.ย
ืึฐืฉืึปืึผึธืจ ืึผืึธื ืึดื ืึทืึผึทืึผึดืืงึดืื, ืึผึธืขึดื ึฐืึธื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ "ืึฐืึนื ืึดืชึผึตื ืึทืึผึทืฉืึฐืึดืืช ืึฐืืึน'" (ืคืกืืื ืง"ื):
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| 43The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, "This is the statute of the Passover sacrifice: No estranged one may partake of it. |
ย |
ืืืึทืึผึคึนืืึถืจ ืึฐืึนืึธืึ ืึถืึพืืฉืึถึฃื ืึฐืึทึฝืึฒืจึนึื ืึึนืืช ืึปืงึผึทึฃืช ืึทืคึผึธึืกึทื ืึผึธืึพืึผึถืึพื ึตืึธึืจ ืึนืึพืึฅึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน: |
| This is the statute of the Passover sacrifice.ย On the fourteenth of Nissan, this section was told to them. โ [from Exod. Rabbah 19:5] |
ย |
ืึนืืช ืึปืงึผึทืช ืึทืคึผึธืกึทื.ย
ืึผึฐื"ื ืึผึฐื ึดืืกึธื ื ึถืึถืึฐืจึธื ืึธืึถื ืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื ืืึน:
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| No estranged one.ย Whose deeds have become estranged from his Father in heaven. Both a gentile and an Israelite apostate are meant. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึธืึพืึผึถืึพื ึตืึธืจ.ย
ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื ึทืึผึฐืจืึผ ืึทืขึฒืฉืึธืื ืึฐืึธืึดืื ืฉืึถืึผึทืฉืึผึธืึทืึดื, ืึฐืึถืึธื ืึทืึผืึนื ืึฐืึถืึธื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึฐืฉืึปืึผึธื ืึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืึธืข (ืืืืืชื):
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| 44And every man's slave, purchased for his money you shall circumcise him; then he will be permitted to partake of it. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึธืึพืขึถึฅืึถื ืึดึืืฉื ืึดืงึฐื ึทืชึพืึผึธึืกึถืฃ ืึผืึทืึฐืชึผึธึฃื ืึนืชึืึน ืึธึื ืึฅึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน: |
| you shall circumcise him; then he will be permitted to partake of it.ย [I.e., he means] his master. [This] tells [us] that the [failure to perform the] circumcision of oneโs slaves prevents one from partaking of the Passover sacrifice. [These are] the words of Rabbi Joshua. Rabbi Eliezer says: The [failure to perform the] circumcision of oneโs slaves does not prevent one from partaking of the Passover sacrifice. If so, what is the meaning of โthen he will be permitted to partake of itโ ? [โHeโ in this phrase is referring to] the slave. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผืึทืึฐืชึผึธื ืึนืชืึน ืึธื ืึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน.ย
ืจึทืึผืึน, ืึทืึผึดืื ืฉืึถืึผึดืืึทืช ืขึฒืึธืึธืื ืึฐืขึทืึผึทืึฐืชึผืึน ืึดืึผึถืึฑืึนื ืึผึทืคึผึถืกึทื, ืึผึดืึฐืจึตื ืจึทืึผึดื ืึฐืืึนืฉืึปืขึท. ืจึทืึผึดื ืึฑืึดืืขึถืึถืจ ืืึนืึตืจ, ืึตืื ืึดืืึทืช ืขึฒืึธืึธืื ืึฐืขึทืึผึทืึฐืชึผืึน ืึดืึผึถืึฑืึนื ืึผึทืคึผึถืกึทื, ืึดื ืึผึตื ืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืื ืืืื ืื? ืึธืขึถืึถื:
|
| 45A sojourner or a hired hand may not partake of it. |
ย |
ืืืชึผืึนืฉืึธึฅื ืึฐืฉืึธืึดึืืจ ืึนืึพืึฅึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน: |
| A sojourner.ย This is a resident alien. โ [from Mechilta] [I.e., a gentile who has accepted upon himself not to practice idolatry but eats carcasses.] |
ย |
ืชึผืึนืฉืึธื.ย
ืึถื ืึผึตืจ ืชึผืึนืฉืึธื:
|
| or a hired hand.ย This is a gentile. Now why is this [verse] stated? Arenโt they uncircumcised? And it is stated: โbut no uncircumcised man may partake of itโ (verse 48). But this refers to a circumcised Arab or a circumcised Gibeonite, who is a sojourner or a hired hand. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืฉืึธืึดืืจ.ย
ืึถื ืึผืึนื, ืึผืึทื ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ, ืึทืึฒืึนื ืขึฒืจึตืึดืื ืึตื, ืึฐื ึถืึฑืึทืจ ืืื ืขืจื ืื ืืืื ืื? ืึถืึผึธื ืึผึฐืืึนื ืขึฒืจึธืึดื ืึธืืึผื ืึฐืึดืึฐืขืึนื ึดื ืึธืืึผื ืึฐืืึผื ืชึผืึนืฉืึธื ืืึน ืฉืึธืึดืืจ (ืฉื):
|
| 46It must be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the meat out of the house to the outside, neither shall you break any of its bones. |
ย |
ืืืึผึฐืึทึคืึดืช ืึถืึธืึ ืึตึฝืึธืึตึื ืึนึฝืึพืชืึนืฆึดึงืื ืึดืึพืึทืึผึทึืึดืช ืึดืึพืึทืึผึธืฉืึธึืจ ืึืึผืฆึธื ืึฐืขึถึืฆึถื ืึนึฅื ืชึดืฉืึฐืึผึฐืจืึผึพืึฝืึน: |
| It must be eaten in one house.ย In one group, that those counted upon it may not become two groups and divide it. You say [that it means] in one group, or [perhaps] it means nothing other than in one house as is its apparent meaning, and to teach that if they started eating in the yard and it rained, that they may not enter the house. Therefore, Scripture states: โon the houses in which they will eat itโ (above verse 7). From here [we deduce] that the one who eats [the Passover sacrifice] may eat [it] in two places. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึฐืึทืึดืช ืึถืึธื ืึตึฝืึธืึตื.ย
ืึผึทืึฒืืึผืจึธื ืึทืึทืช, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึตืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึทื ึผึดืึฐื ึดืื ืขึธืึธืื ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืึฒืืึผืจืึนืช ืึดืืึทืึผึฐืงืึผืืึผ. ืึทืชึผึธื ืืึนืึตืจ ืึผึทืึฒืืึผืจึธื ืึทืึทืช ืืึน ืึตืื ืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืึผึฐืึทืึดืช ืึถืึธื ืึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืึธืขืึน, ืึผืึฐืึทืึผึตื ืฉืึถืึดื ืึดืชึฐืึดืืืึผ ืึฐืึธืืึผ ืืึนืึฐืึดืื ืึผึถืึธืฆึตืจ ืึฐืึธืจึฐืืึผ ืึผึฐืฉืึธืึดืื ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึดืึผึธื ึฐืกืึผ ืึทืึผึทืึดืช? ืชึผึทืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึทืจ, "ืขึทื ืึทืึผึธืชึผึดืื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึนืืึฐืืึผ ืึนืชืึน ืึผึธืึถื", ืึดืึผึธืื ืฉืึถืึธืืึนืึตื ืืึนืึตื ืึผึดืฉืึฐื ึตื ืึฐืงืึนืืึนืช:
|
| you shall not take any of the meat out of the house.ย [I.e.,] out of the group. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึนึฝืึพืชืึนืฆึดืื ืึดืึพืึทืึผึทืึดืช.ย
ืึดื ืึทืึฒืืึผืจึธื:
|
| neither shall you break any of its bones.ย If it [the bone] is edible, e.g., if there is an olive-sized amount of meat on it, it bears the prohibition of breaking a bone; if there is neither an olive-sized amount of meat on it nor marrow [in it], it does not bear the prohibition against breaking a bone. โ [from Pes. 84b] |
ย |
ืึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืึนึฝืึพืชึดืฉืึฐืึผึฐืจืึผึพืึฝืึน.ย
ืึธืจึธืืึผื ืึทืึฒืึดืืึธื, ืึผึฐืืึนื ืฉืึถืึผึตืฉื ืขึธืึธืื ืึผึทืึผึทืึดืช ืึผึธืฉืึธืจ, ืึตืฉื ืึผืึน ืึดืฉืึผืึผื ืฉืึฐืึดืืจึทืช ืขึถืฆึถื, ืึตืื ืขึธืึธืื ืึผึทืึผึทืึดืช ืึผึธืฉืึธืจ ืึตืื ืึผืึน ืึดืฉืึผืึผื ืฉืึฐืึดืืจึทืช ืขึถืฆึถื:
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| 47The entire community of Israel shall make it. |
ย |
ืืืึผึธืึพืขึฒืึทึฅืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึฅืึผ ืึนืชึฝืึน: |
| The entire community of Israel shall make it.ย Why was this stated? Because it says concerning the Passover sacrifice of Egypt: โa lamb for each parental homeโ (above verse 3), we might think that the same applies to the Passover sacrifice of later generations. Therefore, Scripture states: โThe entire community of Israel shall make it.โ -[from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึผึธืึพืขึฒืึทืช ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตื ืึทึฝืขึฒืฉืืึผ ืึนืชึฝืึน.ย
ืึธืึผึธื ื ึถืึฑืึทืจ, ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืืึผื ืืึนืึตืจ ืึผึฐืคึถืกึทื ืึดืฆึฐืจึทืึดื "ืฉืึถื ืึฐืึตืืช ืึธืืึนืช", ืฉืึถื ึผึดืึฐื ืึผ ืขึธืึธืื ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธืืึนืช, ืึธืืึนื ืึทืฃ ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึผืึนืจืึนืช ืึผึตื? ืชึทึผืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึธืจ ืื ืขืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืขืฉื ืืชื:
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| 48And should a proselyte reside with you, he shall make a Passover sacrifice to the Lord. All his males shall be circumcised, and then he may approach to make it, and he will be like the native of the land, but no uncircumcised male may partake of it. |
ย |
ืืืึฐืึดึฝืึพืึธืึจืึผืจ ืึดืชึผึฐืึธึ ืึผึตึืจ ืึฐืขึธึฃืฉืึธื ืคึถึืกึทืึ ืึทึฝืืึนืึธืึ ืึดืึผึงืึนื ืึฃืึน ืึธืึพืึธืึธึืจ ืึฐืึธืึ ืึดืงึฐืจึทึฃื ืึทึฝืขึฒืฉืืชึืึน ืึฐืึธืึธึื ืึผึฐืึถืึฐืจึทึฃื ืึธืึธึืจึถืฅ ืึฐืึธืึพืขึธืจึตึื ืึนืึพืึฅึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน: |
| he shall make a Passover sacrifice.ย We might think that everyone who converts must make a Passover sacrifice immediately. Therefore, Scripture states: โand he will be like the native of the land,โ [indicating that] just as the native [makes the sacrifice] on the fourteenth [of Nissan], so must a proselyte [make it] on the fourteenth [of Nissan]. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืขึธืฉืึธื ืคึถืกึทื.ย
ืึธืืึนื ืึผึธื ืึทืึผึดืชึฐืึผึทืึผึตืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉืึถื ืคึผึถืกึทื ืึดืึผึธื, ืชึผึทืึฐืืึผื ืืึนืึทืจ ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืจืฅ, ืึธื ืึถืึฐืจึธื ืึผึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธื ืขึธืฉืึธืจ ืึทืฃ ืึผึตืจ ืึผึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึธืขึธื ืขึธืฉืึธืจ (ืฉื):
|
| but no uncircumcised male may partake of it.ย This includes one whose brothers died because of circumcision, [one] who is not considered an apostate in regards to circumcision, and [his disqualification] is not derived from โNo estranged one may partake of itโ (verse 43). โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืึฐืึธืึพืขึธืจึตื ืึนืึพืึนืืึทื ืึผึฝืึน.ย
ืึฐืึธืึดืื ืึถืช ืฉืึถืึผึตืชืึผ ืึถืึธืื ืึตืึฒืึทืช ืึดืืึธื, ืฉืึถืึตืื ืึน ืืึผืึธืจ ืึทืขึฒืจึตืืึผืช ืึฐืึตืื ืึน ืึธืึตื ืึด"ืึผึถื ื ึตืึธืจ ืึนื ืึนืืึทื ืึผืึน" (ืฉื):
|
| 49There shall be one law for the native and for the stranger who resides in your midst." |
ย |
ืืืชึผืึนืจึธึฃื ืึทืึทึืช ืึดึฝืึฐืึถึื ืึธึฝืึถืึฐืจึธึื ืึฐืึทืึผึตึืจ ืึทืึผึธึฅืจ ืึผึฐืชึฝืึนืึฐืึถึฝื: |
| There shall be one law.ย [This verse comes] to liken a proselyte to a native also regarding other commandments in the Torah. โ [from Mechilta] |
ย |
ืชึผืึนืจึธื ืึทืึทืช ืืื'.ย
ืึฐืึทืฉืึฐืืึนืช ืึผึตืจ ืึธืึถืึฐืจึธื ืึทืฃ ืึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืึดืฆึฐืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึผึทืชึผืึนืจึธื (ืฉื):
|
| 50All the children of Israel did; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. |
ย |
ื ืึทืึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉืึืึผ ืึผึธืึพืึผึฐื ึตึฃื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึผึทึฝืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืฆึดืึผึธึงื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืชึพืืฉืึถึฅื ืึฐืึถืชึพืึทึฝืึฒืจึึนื ืึผึตึฅื ืขึธืฉืึฝืึผ: |
| 51It came to pass on that very day, that the Lord took the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt with their legions. |
ย |
ื ืืึทืึฐืึดึื ืึผึฐืขึถึืฆึถื ืึทืึผึฃืึนื ืึทืึผึถึื ืืึนืฆึดึจืื ืึฐืึนืึธึื ืึถืชึพืึผึฐื ึตึงื ืึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตึื ืึตืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืขึทืึพืฆึดืึฐืึนืชึธึฝื: |
